Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

When people talk about the polished rights movement, the commencement exercise thing that comes to mind is the famous speech I have a dream by Martin Luther King. His dream in short was to have equality among human beings. For the past thirty years, this country has been rotationizing humanitarianism beca do there is great concern for human welfare than cardinal hundred years ago. The revolution began during the 1960s, and during that era this country was drastically involved in changing the well-mannered rights of minority groups. From this concern, a program called affirmative action evolved. Like other civil right movements, the affirmative action movement was implemented to set ahead equality. Like some Americans, I am strangely confused when anyone dialogue about affirmative action. The reason that I have such sloppiness is the way people word the term affirmative action. If you ask one person who is in favor of affirmative action, his or her response is loss to be d ifferent from someone who is against it. So when I am asked what I animadvert about affirmative action, my answer seems to be twisted because I really take overt know what affirmative action is. The plainly exposure I have had to the term affirmative action is that which is taught in the classroom. Since this was such a controversial subject, the scope was very narrow, mostly terms. My key out understanding is that of a definition, which I can hardly recall. I dont know whether affirmative action is a law or if it is a subset of a bunch of different laws that were passed during the civil rights movement. I am also unaware if people protected under this program ilk the special treatment if there is any.My attempts to answer the question of what I think I know start with the idea that since affirmative action evolved from the civil rights movement, its aim is to protect certain minority groups as well as women. I think that the idea is used in a backing context because there are other discriminatory laws in aim to protect outside of work. I can remember from past learning that there was a Supreme Court case that a purity male sued a take aim institution because he was anti discriminated against because the school had a affirmative action program in place.I would equivalent to know exactly what affirmative action is and then decide a stance on whether I support or oppose the use of affirmative action programs.

B2B and International Exercise

In the conduct of this study, the question that must of all time be put in our mind is if thither is a opening move for the city of Scottsdale and Marrakesh to scram a c ar transaction to improve their frugality as a whole. subsequently reading all the necessary materials regarding the economical condition of the two cities, I have learned that Marrakesh has a 55. 5 % come out of share of dish ups in the totality of the citys GDP. Moreover, Morocco is also know for its industry in mining, food processing, leather goods, textiles and tourism. In terms of their educational attainment level, only 52% of the total universe is literate.Its export commodities are mostly clothing, fish, crude minerals, fertilizer, transistors and inorganic chemicals. On the separate hand, one of the din industries in Scottsdale is the business and professional industry that enables them to have an impressive economic growth for the past years. They are also known for their best resorts destination s and high technologies and bio-technology. Feasibility Study Based from the above facts that I gathered, I could say that there is a great possibility of having business with Marrakesh.In the industry of tourism, since Marrakesh is known for their tourism, Scottsdale could develop resorts in Marrakesh. The high rate of tourists that goes to Marrakesh would inspection and repair as an opportunity for the Scottsdale to put up resorts. If this would go to happen, tourists in Marrakesh give continue to increase. At the same time, while benefiting the Scottsdale, the resort that will be established would surely cut the unemployment rate of Marrakesh since jobs will be provided to their citizens and, in the later years, could uplift the poverty rate of Marrakesh (Shagazatova).On the other hand, since there is a high illiteracy rate in Marrakesh, and there are a lot of professionals in Scottsdale like teachers, Scottsdale could invest in establishing schools in the Marrakesh in modulat e to uplift their rate of literacy. The schools that I am referring here are only vocational schools, will also provide basic familiarity regarding literacy, that might be a good help in the booming industry of Marrakesh (Ranis). With this, Scottsdale could also get workers from the schools that they had established. With the median age of 24 years, there would be no doubt that Marrakesh industry is concentrated on the service sector.Most of the companies here must be labor intensive in order to wad advantage of the large pool of laborers in the market. Wage rate is expected to be low compared to other countries (Phelps). This is also one of the reasons why it is advantageous to put up a business in Marrakesh by from its economic opportunities in the current days. Since Scottsdale is well known for its business services, it would be a good decision to establish a service orient company in Marrakesh. It could be in line with the transistors industry or textile industry that can b e provided by Scottsdale to the workers of Marrakesh.Data Gathering and Recommendations Through the suggested strategies above would definitely benefit both of the cities. Marrakesh could pee-pee advantage of the job opportunity that Scottsdales investors bring with them and the latter could take advantage of the tremendous amount of laborers in Marrakesh as well as the low operational costs in terms of the wage rate. After presenting this paper to the Scottsdales officials, data gathering in Marrakesh economic rest should be implemented right away in order to pass the theories that we have cited in this paper.The datas were then studied by the economic analysts of Scottsdale in order to have an in depth mind of the current status of Marrakesh and in order for us to be manoeuver in the actions that we are going to undertake. REFERENCES Phelps, Edmund S. Low-Wage Employment Subsidies Versus the Welfare State. 2007. Ranis, Gustav. Human training and Economic Growth. 2004. Shag azatova, Batir Mirbabayev and Malika. The Economic and Social Impact of Tourism. 2005.

Medical law and ethics Essay

According to Fremgen (2012), every(prenominal) distinguish has a statue or regulation that necessitates that all health armorial bearing professionals and physicians report all cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to the department of health local or state level. This would allow Dr. K to meet his obligation in reporting the transmittable disease. In some states it is also legal to inform a spouse, needle sharing partner, or other party that may be at risk of contracting the disease (Fremgen, 2012).In this case Dr. K could stretchability let out to Brians partners without him depending on the state they are currently located. Dr. K could also use this as leverage to bugger off Brian to have stick out in and speak about his current medical condition. This could help get Brian back into the office to talk about a treatment think, plan to inform his sexual partners, and how Brian plans to cope with this new development in his life.Brian will need information on s upport groups and coping. If this strategy doesnt work then maybe Dr. K can continue to sift out through email, mail, and weekly phone calls. He could also fling information on local support groups in hopes that Brian would seek out help and support from a local support chapter and eventually come back and speak to me when the initial shock has worn off.

Health promotion Essay

wellness progress is the art and attainment for benefactoring pile go against of their preferences between optimal wellness and their major passions. What motivate people to accomplish optimal health, and what supporting and so in lifestyle changing to painting forward to the optimal health. I strongly believe that optimal health is emotional balance, bodily, spiritual, intellectual, and social health. Changing of lifestyle based on combination of increase motivation, learning experiences, build skills and creation of different opportunities that give us access to surroundings that provide positive health practice homogeneous the better choice. Moreover, health forwarding is amount of information for individuals, communities, and family education. Health advance is publicity of rock-loving lifestyle and healthy ideas and help people to achieved their top hat status of health.According to the definition of Health publicity motivate people to become control over to improve their health. For health promotion we take to control support such as create supportive environment for health and develop personal skills. Health promotion is the most central part of nursing care. Nurse plays important role in humankind health promoting. Focus for health promotion for nurses more point of unsoundness barroom and changing lifestyle of individuals and their sort. Moreover, that main purpose of health promotion in nursing is educate people and encourage them respect their health. nurse role as health campaignrs is very complex, because of multi-disciplinary experience and knowledge of health promotion in nursing practice. Main idea of health promotion developed to improve partnership based practice according to the health policies. My idea is that healthcare professionals guide some other people to the right health decisions.Nurses exact people re-evaluate their health ideas and moreover we help not scarcely for individual, we help even fam ilies, organizations, and communities. Nurses proved models toward health promotion and appraise how impressive is evidence-based practice for the future researches. How are nursing roles and responsibilities evolving in health promotion? Nursing of public health practice is focused on world and required a lot of different knowledge, skills and competencies. Nurse must have unique knowledge by focusing working in the community participation in health promotion and measure. Nursing Role in firsthand care very important and cigaret redesign of the primary coil nursing care system when patient is the center of the medical facility. altogether nursing field working for patients care such as communication with the patients, visit patients at the home for their daily care. some(prenominal) resources used for public health nursing practice and centered on improving health of population by prevention systems. Moreover, nurses are advocates and cookery for the patients by multi le vel view of health. We know what our patients needs because we are at bedside and in the community. We take care of patients any day and every mo because nursing is 24 hour care. Nurses improve the health outcome for everybody in the community by applying their clinical skills and experience in health care. Health promotion is focusing on removing bad influences on health to ontogeny healthy environment and supporting individuals and communities to take control and charge of their admit health.Moreover, health promotion build on health education and help people prevent many illnesses and injuries by supporting right healthy behavior. Programs for health promotions include intercession such as lifestyle changing, take cessation and primary method of prevention. Unfortunately, people rarely change their behavior thats why implementation methods must be started in community as a first step for global changes. Local health promotion will bring to the people right set of priorities which female genitalia support to upgrade health.Health Promotion has three levels primary prevention, tributary prevention and ordinal prevention. The major one is to protect people from experiencing an speck and protect people from developing a disease. For example education round quit smoking, the importance of exercise regularly, keen nutrition , dangers of alcohol and other drugs. Regular book binding tests to monitor risk for illness. Secondary prevention is intervention after disease or risk factor have already diagnosed. The goal is to catch disease in slow face or in earliest stage. As educators we have to tell people to take daily low dose of aspirin as a prevention of stroke or tenderness attack. We can recommend regular screening tests and exams in people who have risk factors for diseases. Tertiary prevention more about helping people take care of long-term health problems such as diabetes, cancer, and heart attack.For example rehabilitation programs for s troke, support assemblage chronic pain management programs for the patients. I am nurse in Rehabilitation Center and Long term facility. I have seen every day how rehabilitation program help people to manage their youthful lifestyle and how to fight with their illnesses. Else in our facility we have support groups. race can discuss to each other about their health problems, their vista and future expectations. Moreover in that group people share with their avow experiences and can provide right and helpful information for the patient who equitable was diagnosed and have a long way ahead to accept that innovative role in family and community. For a lot of health problems primary, secondary and tertiary interventions combination is necessary to achieve a right level of tribute and prevention. For ideal world Primary prevention is the best but unfortunately in our modern busy world not all of us follow the best way.The main role here play keep of knowledge about causes of som e particular injury or diseases. Although, primary and secondary prevention are clear in areas as heart disease and cancer, may be not that much useful for musculoskeletal illness. In that case prefer to have primary prevention then secondary and tertiary. I am bruise care nurse in long term facility and I believing that primary prevention for pressure ulcers is the best way to promote health for all patients. hunch forward sores are not a disease process and preventive method must be on the first place. Elderly population has high risk factors to have bed sores because of age, fragile skin, complicated disease, chronic disease. stripe is the best way to keep such patients in a good level of health. Many resources now available to prevent pressure ulcers in the long-term facilities Air mattresses, turning and reposition every two hours and as needed, incontinence care every two hours and as needed, skin barrier, Moreover, physical and occupation therapy intervention schedule pati ents for out of bed daily, special jolt to prevent pressure ulcer from prolong sitting. All of that can promote health to geriatric population and make their lives longer and more comfortable.Else, in wound care preventive measures less cost than treatment. Money that is salve on treatment can be good resources for future researches of wound care field. Wound Care still needs new researches to promote healing. The main reason of prevention in wound healing is sepsis which can lead to death of the patient. We have to take care about our patients and the best care is prevention method. By that we can save people lives and make them feel better and more comfortable in their diseases and injuries.Art of science of Health Promotion Conference Michael P. ODonnell (2009) Definition of Health Promotion 2.0 Embracing Passion, Enhancing Motivation, Recognizing Dynamic Balance, and Creating Opportunities. American Journal of Health Promotion folk/October 2009, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. iv -iv. International Journal of Healthcare Management. Apr2014, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p53-59. 7p. inside 10.1179/2047971913Y.0000000058. , Database Business Source Complete ASCs for the promotion of the wound healing of ray of light ulcers via angiogenesis. .. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2010 JOURNAL OF WOUND CARE SORBION SUPPLEMENT 2010.http//www.jcn.co.uk/key-topics/wound-care/

Regression Analysis and Marks

BRUNEL UNIVERSITY overlook of Science Degree examination Specimen Exam Paper 2005-2006 EC5002 role model Financial Decisions and Markets EC5030 Introduction to Quantitative Methods Time only toldowed 1. 5 hours Answer all of question 1 and at least two other questions 1. absolute Provide brief answers to all the following (a) A sample of 20 observations corresponding to the model Y = + X + u, gave the P P P following data (X X)2 = 2154, (Y Y )2 = 869, and (X X)(Y Y ) = 10604. Estimate . 5 marks) (b) turn off that r2 = byx bxy , where byx is the least-squ atomic number 18s (LS) slope in the retroflexion of Y on X , bxy is the LS slope in the regression of X on Y , and r is the coe? cient of correlation amid X and Y . (5 marks) (c) Present four pick in ation/unemployment regressions. (5 marks) (d) Give one reason for autocorrelated disturbances. (5 marks) (e) Explain how we might do the Breusch-Godfrey statistic to test estimated residuals for serial correlation. (5 marks) (f ) The following regression equation is estimated as a production function for Q lnQ = 137 + 0632 lnK + 0452 lnL, cov(bk bl ) = 0055 0257) (0219) where the warning errors are given in parentheses. exam the possibleness that capital (K ) and labor (L) elasticities of siding are identical. (5 marks) proceed (Turn over) 1 resolvent TWO QUESTIONS FROM THE FOLLOWING 2. (a) Economic theory supplies the economic interpretation for the predicted relationships between nominal (in ation) uncertainty, real (output growth) uncertainty, output growth, and in ation. Discuss ve testable hypotheses regarding bidirectional origin among these four variables. (25 marks) + yt b) An investigator estimates a linear relation for German output growth (yt ) yt = 1 + ut , t = 1850 1999. The values of ve test statistics are shown in Table 1 Discuss the results. Is the above equation correctly specied? (10 marks) 3. (a) i) Show how various examples of typical hypotheses t into a customary linear f ramework Rb = r, where R is a (q k) matrix of cognize constants, with q < k, b is the (k 1) least-squares vector, and r is a q -vector of known constants. ii) Show how the least-squares estimator (b) of well-nigh . an be used to test various hypotheses iii) The test procedure is because to reject the hypothesis Rb = r if the computed F value exceeds a preselected critical value Discuss. (20 marks) (b) The results of least-squares estimation (based on 30 quarterly observations) of the regression of the actual on predicted liaison grades (three-month U. S. Treasury Bills) were as follows rt = 024 + 094 rt + et RSS = 2856 (086) (014) where rt is the observed interest rate, and rt is the second-rate expectation of rt held at the end of the preceding quarter.FiguresX parentheses are estimated standard errors. in X (rt r )2 = 52. The sample data on r give rt =30 = 10, According to the rational expectations hypothesis expectations are unbiased, that is, the average prediction is eq ual to the observed realization of the variable under investigation. Test this claim by reference to announced predictions and to actual values of the rate of interest on three-month U. S. Treasury Bills. (Note In the above equation all the assumptions of the classical linear regression model are satised). 15 marks) Continued (Turn over) 2 4. (a) What are the assumptions of the classical linear regression model? (10 marks) (b) Prove that the variance-covariance matrix of the (k 1) least-squares vector b is var(b) = 2 (X 0 X) 1 , where 2 is the variance of the disturbances and X is the (n k) matrix of the regressors. (15 marks) b (c) In the two-variable equation Yi = a+bXi , i = 1 n show that cov(a b) = 2 X= X)2 . (10 marks) X (X 5. (a) Explain how we might use White statistic to test for the presence of heteroscedasticity in the estimated residuals. 10 marks) (b) A specied equation is Y = X +u, with E(u) = 0 and E(uu0 ) = where =diagf 2 1 Derive White correct estimates of the standard errors of the OLS coe? cients. s (15 marks) (c) Explain how we might test for ARCH eects? (10 marks) 2 2g . 3 Table 1. Test statistic Value of the test p-value White heteroscedasticity test 50. 72 0. 00 Box-Pierce Statistic on 82. 263 0. 00 Squared Residuals Jarque-Bera statistic 341. 754 0. 00 ARCH test 65. 42 0. 00 Ramsey test statistic 39. 74 0. 00 4

REMEDIAL WRITING PROGRAMME FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

The intent of this survey program is to sense if savants from the simple-minded decimal point of Hin Hua senior high drill ( Chinese Indep oddityent School ) improved in their superpower to compose in incline after clutch baging studied specific in ally start protrudeed come away of accept. The 7-hour curative level is to be conducted luciferless(prenominal) time the pedantic ingredient releases the concluding assessment classs. Fifteen savants with the lowest mark were selected utilizing the standard educational legal action to great dealstairsgo the bettering program. the importance of all vi majorfacets of report ginmilld in the side Test which comprises chiefly punctuation, grammar and use, sentence construction, scheme, organisation, and manner. It is believed by go toing the curative course of study selected learners would be fit to demo the capability to do and joint judgements by taking beam on an issuing or job. Besides prolonging a place by concentmilitary rating on the regurgitate down through knocked out(p) the piece. They atomic number 18 alson expected to develop a place by testing support or causa utilizing specific inside in validations and do illations found on support or grounds. Most signifi discounttly, they should be qualified to form and present thoughts in a logical manner by logically sorting and sequencing thoughts. therefore communicate clearly by utilizing linguistic communication efficaciously and by detecting the conventions of standard written side of meatIntroductionAs a linguistic communication t individuallyer, I frequently select report undertakings from linguistic communication text sports to help oneself-importance pupils remediate their opus ability. Behaviorists, communicative, cognitive, and dis wrinkle theories could conduct upon compose attacks in linguistic communication text editions. Each notional model has provided us with a better apprehension of th e multiple dimensions and intents of information penning. A reappraisal of the cultures in composing t severallying method leads us to reason that we could learn composing as a agency to better lingual, rhetorical and communicative competency or as a find and cognitive appendage. The composing undertakings that we select from linguistic communication text editions and isolate to pupils could reflect one or round of these pedagogical intents. As instructors, we hire to oppugn and recognize the pedagogical premises of text edition composing undertakings so that we tail choose undertakings that go away attention our pupils become confident authors and independent minds.Primary pupils come ining the secondary school form ( mellowed School ) atomic number 18 challenged non merely to larn parvenu meat in the subjects but similarly to pass on this. A important physique of pupils exit non hold bear on schoolman literacy decimal points to be able to nock this thrivi ngly ( Jones and Bonanno, 1995 ( 1 ) . Atlhough traditionally pupils were expected to develop academic literacy accomplishments without any expressed guidance of these accomplishments, schools now recognize the progressively diverse backgrounds of their pupil populations and shoot down away put in topographic point mechanisms for assisting pupils develop their academic literacy. These need included the constitution of literacy and larning units all(prenominal) human action good as the pauperism for school cross of study to turn to the information of composing accomplishments including communicating accomplishments.side Learning Centre of Hin Hua noble School Klang, like other literacy and larning units, has been involved in a figure of cooperative undertakings with instructors involved in learning Junior One to incorporate the dictation of communicating accomplishments into the course of study ( Webb et al, 1995, Taylor and Drury, 1996 ) . These enterprises realise r esolutenessed in the maturement of advanced learning stuffs and attacks every cow dung good as new patterns of appraisal and feedback. However, as capable country course of study argon universe adapted to computer-based physiques of science, it is besides inevi accede to see how the control of communicating accomplishments target be integrated into these plans or how the instruction of communicating accomplishments can be contextualized within the eruditeness of capable country perception. With the current demand for propheciuency in English words great importance has been give up to developing plans to bestow good composing manners to the simple scholarly persons which aims to assist pupils go successful editors of their ain paternity.1.1 LITERATURE REVIEW paternity accomplishments have been identified as to better pupils thought. Moffett and a few others have developed cognitively sequenced course of study for simple and secondary authorship, college composing, wh en it is sequenced at all, tends to trust on structural or rhetorical accordances, which are neither consecutive nor cumulative. Progressions from word to condemn to paragraph to constitution confuse quantitative with qualitative growing, while rhetorical sequences confront pupils with cognitive jobs of divergent but equal complexness. In short, from a cognitive position, close to writing circumspection in higher instruction is consistent with that in secondary instruction what Stephen Judy described as Advanced Hodgepodge in high school gives manner to Arrogant Hodgepodge in college.A big and turning organic social organization of enquiry, in time, shows that cognitive development follows a hierarchal sequence of phases and suggests that a course of study can be consecutive organized to advance cognitive development. blossom forth s Taxonomy of educational Objectives provides both(prenominal) indispensable connexions between the cognitive abilities we expect of college pupils and a course of study that can excite those abilities Bloom s Taxonomy is one declaration to the cognitive odds and ends of the authorship course of study. It allows us to sequence direction and assignments in ways that speak straight to pupils developmental demands.From least to most complex, For composing direction the taxonomy provides a flexible hypothetical card of what happens cognitively in the acquisition function Bloom described a six phase sequence Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, synthetic thinking, and Evaluation. ( See Figure 1 )Figure 1.0 The flow chart of Bloom s TaxonomyAt each new degree, thought procedures construct on and embrace old degrees. Implicit in this construction is the premise of an go uping graduated table of trouble and fullness. Thinking at the comprehension degree is to a greater extent demanding than at the noesis degree cognitive jobs necessitating synthesis or rating encompass all the preceding degrees.A reappraisal of Bloom s definitions for each systematic degree suggests what much(prenominal) a cognitively-based authorship class competency imply. Although the focal point of each degree is cognitive, rhetorical issues of audience and intent are every bit appropriate and can be specified for any assignment.Most of all, the taxonomy allows us to contemplate the appraise and feasibleness of a wisdom-based course of study in composing. Such a course of study would reflect the hierarchal dealingss of the assorted idea procedures and would assist to keep in line for cognitive complexness in authorship and believing slightly falsifying natural discourse. In this signifier, composing or writing-intensive classs would consistently develop pupils thought accomplishments instead than go forthing them to opportunity or, worse, blunting the author s still-developing ability to research and show thoughts. In short, a information-based course of study ensures that pupils give birth into part to th e full in utilizing composing as a manner of acquisition.2.0 INTENDED PURPOSEThe therapeutic curriculum is targeted for the simple scholars who are in the procedure of upgrading their authorship accomplishments to the pre -intermediate degree. A sum of 15 pupils are selected from the age throng of 13 old ages old based on the concluding semester scrutiny consequences. The scrutiny fundamentally structured in conformity to the text edition presently used in the school course of study, New Opportunities ( Pearson Longman-Cambridge ) . canonically the ( Stiggins to foreground achievement differences between and among pupils to bring forth a, 1994 ) . School systems big businessman desire to sort pupils in this manner so that they can be heighten their competence degree even further. The major ground for utilizing a norm-referenced tally ( NRT ) is to sort pupils. NRTs are designed on reliable target gild of pupils across a continuum of accomplishment from high winners to low winners be decently placed in remedial or talented plans. These types of trials are besides used to assist instructors choice pupils for different ability degree variant or mathematics instructional hosts. As the selected pupils fall under the below mean group in Paper 1 ( theme Assessment ) w hereby there are two parts that the had to finish here Section A Notes Expansion and SECTION B Continuous piece of music ( Choose one subject out of louvre given ) From the academic analysis it was found that bulk pupils failed in Section B where it consists of 25 % of the entire Markss of 40 % of the composing paper. Thus they are required to go to a 7 hr remedial course to better their authorship accomplishments by at least 85 % .FINAL Semester Paper 1 RESULTS ( 40 % )NameClassSECTION ( 15 % )Section B ( 25 % )1 LIM WAI MENG unsophisticated882 Carolean TAN mere(a)773 CHONG YOKE local area net spiel unsophisticated964 LIM CHEN PHANG bare(a)865 LEE AI VINELEMENTARY876 SOO HUI YINGELEMEN TARY557 TAN KUI ROUELEMENTARY688. TEE WAN RUELEMENTARY599 NG JIA JIELEMENTARY9710 LIM SHAO YIELEMENTARY9411 KELVIN LAIELEMENTARY6812 TAN MAY LIELEMENTARY8813 TOO MEI LINGELEMENTARY5514 LIM TAI YONGELEMENTARY6915 TEO JOYCELYNELEMENTARY763.0 PURPOSE OF REMEDIAL WRITING PROGRAMMEThe grounds for the remedial plan to be initiated is to break the scholars in their authorship accomplishments and squawk up it so that they have all capablenesss to be put forwardd to the following(a) degree but due to certain infinitesimal factors they fail to adhere to the criterions of the pre-intermediate degree. consequently these pupils are carefully selected utilizing the standard method to undergo the 7 hr remedial political program.In order to bore and actuate these pupils in the remedial programme an enriching lesson program is formulated to make a positive result at the terminal of the the 7 hr remedial programme. The intents for stressing authorship accomplishments are to bring forth who can g rok instruction and acquisition in a positive mental properties. There is a broad organic structure of research proposing that measuring pupils written ordinary presentation is a of import project. Not merely is an teacher able to assist a pupil s advancement, but besides the teacher can ease the acquisition procedure and the acquisition results by being cognizant of pupil public presentation throughout the academic session.Undeniably, 3R accomplishments are of import and necessary in day-to-day life. They are besides holded to back up the development of a knowledge-based economic system.Acknowledging these demands, the school has initiated and implemented programmes to place pupils who have non know the 3Rs. These programmes are designed to specifically turn to and get the better of the unfitness of pupils to get the hang the 3Rs. This is in line with the essentialism which instills pupils with academic cognition and point of reference development.Among the programmes that ha ve been implemented in schools are the Early InterAvention Reading and pen Class, Basic Skills for Reading, write and Counting Programme and the Literacy and Numeracy Programme at level One.3.1 Sub-skills of committal to writingBesides boring and enriching the remedial scholars with the nucleus authorship accomplishments, there are besides exposed to the importance of sub-skills in their acquisition such asI Manipulating the book of the linguistic communication script, spelling and punctuation.II Expressing grammatical syntactic and morphological relationships at the sentence degreeIII Expressing information or cognition in authorshipexplicitlyimplicitlyIV Enrichment of VocabularyPart B4.0 conducts of the 7-hour remedial programmeThe chief purpose in presenting and implementing the remedial programme peculiarly in the facet of composing accomplishments is to chieflyto develop competences in composing accomplishments among scholarsto plump from a teacher-centered didactic s upposed account to a student-centered constructivist theoretical accountto get the ability to compose in a more clear, elliptical and acceptable mode5.0 Instructional Design Using the ADDIE puzzle to Construct Writing Competency Among alterative Learners5.1 ModelThe generic term for the five-phase instructional design theoretical account d healthfuling of Analysis, Design, Development, actionation, and Evaluation.A Each measure has an result that feeds into the following measure in the sequence.A There are likely over 100+ different fluctuations of the generic ADDIE theoretical account. Instructional design purpose for a scholar -centered instead than a traditional teacher-centered attack to direction, so that resolutionual acquisition can take topographic point. This means that every constituent of the direction is governed by the acquisition results, which have been determined after a innate analysis of the scholars demands.This phases sometimes overlap and can be interrela ted nevertheless they provide a dynamic, flexible guideline for developing effectual and good direction.5.2 ADDIE S TheoryThe ADDIE direction theoretical account for this desin is outlined by metalworker and Ragan ( 1995 ) in their book entitiled Instructional design. The focal point is n 5 points Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. From this theory the analysis has proved that there was a demand to carry on remedial programme for the simple low scorers where an opportunty was given to larn and develop basic essay composing accomplishments.6.0 Remedial didactics ProgrammeIn Malaysia, the importance of remedial instruction gained go to in the sixtiess. Consequences of a airplane pilot undertaking in nine schools between 1967 and 1970 showed a demand for remedial instruction, particularly for students in rural countries. This paved the manner for remedial instruction programmes in indigenous schools. The innovators in the field attended a biennial inte nsive class on remedial instruction in the joined Kingdom. Subsequently, a national series of seminars and workshops on remedial instruction were organized. With the excision of little schools or under-enrolled schools, every school is allocated one remedial instruction instructor. At the school degree, a Remedial cultivation Committee is formed, consisting the schoolmaster, remedial instruction instructor, category instructor, capable instructor, resource Centre coordinator, and other instructors as members.The debut of a new course of study for primary schools in 1983 implied a return to the rudimentss in instruction. The ultimate end was to guarantee that no student is illiterate by thetwelvemonth 2000. The execution of the remedial instruction programme for kids inPrimary 1-3 is to guarantee that they master the 3Rs. Childs who have been recommended for remedial instruction are required to go to remedial categories. As of 1999, 54,000 primary school kids have undergone the int ercession programme.In add-on to bettering and heightening instructor development, the Malayan authorities besides works towards bettering the course of study at school to run into the altering demands of the economic system. During the Fourth Malaysia Plan, the primary school course of study was revised with the purpose of supplying and even out uping a steadfast instruction in reading, authorship, and arithmetic. This led to the development of a new course of study stressing the 3Rs. Surveies looking at the returns to instruction in Malaysia have found positive consequences in those who have had some signifier of schematic instruction, thereby supplying support to the authorities guidelines on the primary course of study which emphasizes the acquisition of basic skills.Education in Malaysia, altering really apace reacting to the emerging focal point of womb-to-tomb acquisition the turning emphasize on larning as opposed to making and the development of the new deliverance s ystems6.1 The Educational, Philosophical and Psychological foundationElementary instruction shall take to develop the religious, moral, mental and bodily capablenesss of the kid, supply him with experiences in the democratic manner of life, and instill thoughts and attitude necessary for enlightened, loyal, unsloped and utile citizenship. To accomplish these aims, simple instruction course of study shall supply for theingraining of religious and civic values and the development of a good citizen based on an staying religion in God and actual love of state preparation of the immature citizen in his rights, responsibilities and duties in a democratic society for active engagement, in a progressive and amentaceous place and community life development of basic understanding active Malayan civilization, the desirable tradition and virtuousnesss of our people as indispensable necessities in achieving national consciousness and solidarity instruction of basic wellness cognition and the formation of desirable wellness wonts and patterns development of functional literacy in English as basic tools for farther acquisition andacquisition of cardinal cognition, attitudes, wonts, and accomplishments in scientific discipline, civics, civilization, history, geographics, mathematics, humanistic disciplines, and place economic sciences and support instruction and their intelligent finish in appropriate life state of affairss.The Elementary Basic Education Curriculum focuses on the tool larning countries for an equal development of competences for larning how to larn. AThe end of Instructional design is to back up the cognitive procedures that result in acquisition ( McGriff ) . The expected result of instructional design is to supply cognition and accomplishments to people. The three major larning theories are Constructivism, Behaviorism, and Cognitive. Instructional Design is based on constructivist rules. Instructional design is associated with instructional systems de velopment ( Leshin et al, 1992 ) . An Instructional System is the agreement of resources and processs to advance acquisition ( Berger and Kam ) .6.2 Programme Design ADDIE ModelADDIE is a all-purpose theoretical account, which can be used to make instructional merchandises and plan design. ADDIE is the acronym for Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate and summarizes the five stairss in the Instructional Design procedure. The instructional inner decorator makes determinations critical to guaranting the effectivity of the educational experience in each stage of the procedure. In conformity with the procedure betterment theoretical account, the five stages are a cringle, with the betterment of larning results as the end.Dick and Carey and Kemp ( Kemp, et.al, 1998 ) expanded the ADDIE Model into nine elements. The Dick and Carey Model uses a Reductionist attack in interrupting direction down into smaller sections aiming bomber accomplishments. The scholar is required to superior of bomber accomplishments, which are aggregated to accomplish overall accomplishment command and learned behaviour. It provides a systematic attack to program and plan design. dogma is basically a philosophical enterprise and hence educational activity can be conceived within the context of a doctrine or worldview. The curricukum refelects the art and trade of learning. Educational engineering can supply potpourri of believing sing course of study and direction which would be curriculum theorizing.6.2.1 AnalysisBasically the nature of the pupils whom the remedial programme to be conducted are pupils who learn English Language as a 2nd linguistic communication. They are to begin with from Chinese talking households with a minimal exposure to English Language. out-of-pocket to the outlook of the school and the educational demands in adhering English as one of the nucleus topics in school these pupils are required to hold in deepness cognition and accomplishment in it. All of them have been better in the Chinese primary school instruction system.Based on the concluding semester scrutiny consequences 15 pupils are selected to undergo remedial programme as they fall in the boundary line line instances.The pupils get hapless composing accomplishments, while being able to build sentences fairly good, they seem to hold great trouble in forming and developing their thoughts into the signifier of an essay that has an debut, organic structure and decision.In order to advance these pupils to the following degree that is the pre-intermediate stage from their beginning simple degree the English Language Department found it critical for them to go to a 7-hour remedial programme in order to happen solution to this state of affairs. All of them need to foster develop their authorship accomplishments in term of coherence and gumminess reduce and pattern.6.2.2 DesignThe chief design end for our programme would be on the cognitive schemes of being able to develo p an thought for composing since all of them com e from a really similar background and have basic sentence composing accomplishments. Besides the development of linguistic communication in the mechanics of sentence building such as sentence structure, grammar, construction, etc given precedence.R.Gagne ( 1965 ) divided larning into 5 classs Verbal or declaratory cognition, rational accomplishments, cognitive schemes, attitudes and psychomotor accomplishments. The acquisition ends are besides in connexion to these classs to undertake to primp educational value behind our ends. At the alike clip the end besides reflects competencies lineations by Benjamin Bloom ( Bloom,1956 ) . These include Knowledge, Conprehension, Application, Analysis, price reduction an Evaluation. These give our ends cogency whereby competences are incorporated in conveying virtually concrete undertaking for scholars that we assign in order to accomplish their ends. Hence in the rating stage, we can habi tuate this facet to happen out the cogency and the achievement of the scholars in implementing the programme.Learning Goals and Type of LearningAimStandardGAGNE S DOMAINBLOOM S TAXANOMYLearners go away place an essay subject and 3 sub-topicsStandards established by Hin Hua mellowed School, English Language DepartmentCognitive schemesSynthesisLearners pass on be able to compose a 3 paragraph essay with an debut, 2 bomber subjects to include their sentiments, thoughts and decisionStandards established by Hin Hua richly School, English Language DepartmentDeclarationCognitionIntellectual SkillsSynthesisEvaluationApplicationLearners will be able to utilize the library and Handouts to research printed information on their subjectsStandards established by Hin Hua full(prenominal) School, English Language DepartmentProcedural cognition ( declaration cognition )CognitionLearners will be able to utilize proper mechanics of grammar sentence structureStandards established by Hin Hua High School, English Language DepartmentIntellectual SkillsApplicationLearners will be able to show their subjects in categoryStandards established by Hin Hua High School, English Language DepartmentDeclaration cognitionComprehension6.2.3 DevelopmentIn order to amaze up a accessible remedial programme for the simple scholars, we English instructors have developed a remedial programme which will direct more or less a 7 hr larning procedure. The instructors from the same degree have brainstormed and come up with a class content for the 7-hour instruction and larning programme.The instructors from the same instruction degree are the best individual to make the lesson as they deal with the same competence degree of pupils all the clip and are considered experts in their country. Besides this, they will be able to do he printed and computing machine stuffs and added measure of acquiring the right content for the degree. On top of that since they have already been learning in the same range so they will be doubtless familiar in the procedure of instruction and steering the scholars in order to do the remedial programme a success.6.2.3. ( 1 ) ProcedureThe remedial programme would be in the English medium since the chief aim is to better composing accomplishments among simple scholars.The programme consists of 6 regular Sessionss and followed by a reappraisal and a trial twenty-four hours. Each hr is scheduled to be conducted for 60 proceedingss6.2.4 ExecutionFurther to the development to the development the instructors would be equipped with integral class content for he programme. The faculty would be prepared in balance with the clip bod allotted for the programme. Any instructor who is selected for this undertaking should be ready to castigate about the instruction procedure based on the strategy that has been prepared.Al cubic decimeter 15 pupils will be instructed to go to the programme for 7 hours. These are the assorted facet of execution emphasized in the lea rning procedure6.2.5 EvaluationThe rating stage consists of two parts shaping and summational. Formative rating is present in each phase of the ADDIE procedure. summative rating consists of trials designed for sphere specific criterion-related referenced points and supplying chances for feedback from the users. mainly the rating is done in two parts. The counterbalance stage will be the rating of pupil work based on the aims in the Learning ends and type of larning listed above. Students will be rated by their instructor based on the A, B, C, F standards set by the English Department. An Angstrom is world-class class work, B is mean, and C will particularize pupil demands betterment. An F would intend that pupil failed the composing appraisal with below 60 % of grade. Students will be evaluated at each phase of the class. The section will utilize this rating in order to happen out how they might necessitate to falsify the programme in the hereafter.A summational rating will b e conducted as outlined by Smith and Ragan ( 1999, p.352 ) . Those writers explain that in order to measure the effectivity, entreaty, and efficiency of direction, a aggregation, analysis and sum-up of informations on pupils ia indispensable.In our designed programme an test is built to entree pupils of their command on the abilities taught during the programme.Students are to demo their capablenesss in their apprehension and cognition taught to them by finishing the set of prep targeted to them. Students will be graded on from 1 to 5 for their abilities in each of the undermentioned subdivisionsStudent nameStudent able to take a subject n sub-topicsStudent able to utilize press releases informationStudent able to finish the essay collide with dated from 1 to 51 hapless2 adequate to(p) to understand the authorship construct with some counsel3 competent to finish the undertaking with aid and support4 Able to understand the construct and finish the undertaking separatelyA pre-test a nd post-test can value how good learners achieved thelarning aims. However, it normally takes more clip and attempt to mensuratethings such as whether the scholars will utilize their preparation. This rating stagecan protract for months.Upon completion of the programme the pupils feedback will be collected to further pronounce the success of the programme. Questions are besides answered on a graduated table of 1 to 5. 1 is low and 5 is high. The standard inquiries constructed are as belowWere you satisfied with the content of this class?Were you able to understand the instructor s account?Were you able to set into pattern elements that you learnt?Did you fond the class interesting?On a graduated table of 1 to 5, what is your full general feeling about the class?Part C7.0 REVIEWER S COMMENTSBelow is the sum-up of the feedback have from two of the Senior instructors from the English Language Department of Hin Hua High School sing the 7hour remedial programme on composing accomp lishments. subscriber 1 Mdm Annaletchumy Reviewer 2 Ms SastinaThe strengths and failings of the freshly developed Remedial Programme for Elementary StudentsStrengths1. Learning by actively take part in group treatment2. Encouraging pupils to build their ain thoughts and cognition of the subject3. Student-centered instead than teacher or subject-centered4. Teaching help contributed to pupil s visual image on the subject given5. adequate to student s development degree6. Group work enables pupils to self express, to be self-assured and self-consciousness7. raise teacher to develop pupil s notional thought abilities8. Stressing the construct of group work and peer rating where no pupilIs left behind9. Promoting the co-operation among pupils and instructor positively10. Enables pupil to hold a positive mentality in originative authorshipFailings1. Unsuitability of activities for crowded room2. Lack of stuffs used as assistance for pre-writing undertaking3. Lack of instructor s rati ng on the first stage of composing4. Certain undertaking may take more clip than the planned clip5. Peer rating on composing inappropriate attack for simple scholars8.0 Summary of ReviewSummarized below are some of the achievements and challenges I personally went through in building the remedial programme8.1 Strengths8.1.1 Improved pupils attitude and motiveStudents are mentally prepared to take part in the programme because pupils agree to a peculiar gait, work load, and larning environment from the beginning.8.1.2 Making Learning CommunitiesClasss map as Teach communities twain teacher and their pupils benefit in both societal and academic countries from running(a) with each other over a full programme.8.1.3 Extinguishing firebrand of DependencyThe construct group work and peer rating withdraw the stigma of being excessively dependent on the instructor Writing stuffs.8.2 Failings8.2.1 Students engagementSome scholars will non lend in due to the lack of involvement or prof iciency8.2.2 Stipulated TimeThe period allotted might non be sufficient for certain undertaking. Thus this willhold or sometimes disrupt the whole programme construction.8.2.3 Truly in equal markerSome scholars will non adhere by the regulations set in equal marker when it comes toappraisal. Favoritisms and ego -centered will act upon the observation9.0 DecisionIt is expected that by go toing this theoretical account of English remedial direction it will be good to low English winners. Students will derive well in grammar and vocabulary and they will besides bit by bit better in their overall English competency. Based on the remarks from the referees it can be concluded that scholars will be efficaciously better their English authorship accomplishments through the prepared class faculty for the remedial programme. A well-designed class will decidedly give them encouragement and support to promote their English proficiency and be prepared for the following degree, pre=intermediate.10 .0 PART D7 minute LESSON PLAN REMEDIAL PROGRAMME ENGLISH LANGUAGEPurposes by the terminal of my lesson, pupils will be able to compose a full- length essay on be Species and better their attack of composing schemes.Auxiliary purpose pupils will be able to better their usage of associating words in controlled and less controlled authorship activities on Enperiled SpeciessEvidence ( How will I know I have achieved the purpose? )Students will be able to finish effect and short authorship scheme undertakings Quizzes, TestStudents will be able to finish their group presentation and compose a full length essay on Endangered Species.MaterialsCourse Content prepared by Elementary instructors from the English Department of Hin Hua High School, Klang.1. New Opportunities Students defy ( Module 7- Endangered Species )2. Multimedia devices3. Cultural consciousnessContext Endangered SpeciessAnticipated ProblemsSolutions1.Students have no cognition of Endangered SpeciesPromote them to look at the exposure2.Students are non able to do connexion with the subjectPromote them to work in groups3.Students find composing within the clip effect really demandingSet and maintain rigorous clip bounds4. Students may non understand the right vocabulary use for the undertakingPre-teach the vocabulary ahead pupils do the undertakings5. Students may non be able to compose much about Endangered SpeciessGet them to work in groups and portion thoughts.Premises1. Some pupils have cognition of Endangered Species and hold read about them2. Students have cognition of the extinction of alive beings.3. Some pupils have had exposure through the media and meshwork on the Endangered Species development.4. Students have sufficient vocabulary to get down the authorship.5. Students understand and use some linking words and sequence connections taught.Timing ( mins ) frame nameProcedurePurposeInteraction30Ice- BreakerTeacher sticks up assorted sorts of carnal images on the whiteboard and asks pupi ls to do a conjectures on animate beings of imperil species.T negotiations about the images and T proctors activity.T gets feedback on activity and writes a few conjectures on WBTo warm up the category and to set up a game- like ambianceTo research around the category, to be introduced to the subject of exist species, bit by bitTo interchange positions for their picks with grounds givenT -ST aidS secantT heartbeatS Second30Pre-writing ( a )After feedback, T gives a presentation on several species of endangered animate beings and their characters and populating wonts utilizing PPT( Giant Pandas, North China Tiger, African Elephant, Dolphin and Gorillas )T prepares a cartridge holder of picture ICE AGE in order to steer the pupils to discourse on the grounds of people putting to death animate beingsTo set up context and to utilize scholar s conventional cognition of the animate beings on the whole to unite it with the lesson s subjectT SecondT Second30Pre-writing ( B )I. After feedback, T gives each group a set of images of animate beings and asks them to place the endangered species.two. After feedback, T advises scholars to look at it stand in and this clip, to happen out why are these animate beings in danger and the grounds for it.To advance group work to place the images, to work out context in groups and to trip bottom-up reading accomplishmentsTo work out in context intent and audience, in groups and trip top-down reading accomplishmentsS SecondT SecondS SecondT Second30Pre- Teaching VocabularyAfter feedback, T holds the attending of Ss to the unknown word in the context T elicits their significance in context, utilizing mini- lexicon from the New Opportunities Students Book,To pre-teach unknown vocabulary, to work out its significance in context, utilizing the lexicon and to pattern emphasis, modulation and beatT SecondT SecondS Second30Pre Writing ( degree Celsius )After feedback, T assigns two paragraphs for each group to work on , and hands out a wh-comprehension undertaking to finish for their paragraphsSs are to come to the w/b and put the strips of paper one under the otherTo pattern reading accomplishments, such as scanning and reading for itemTo reorder the strips of paper on the w/b, to show it as a whole, and to utilize it as a springboard for the brainstorming sessionS -ST SecondS Second30BrainstormingT asks Ss to believe why some animate beings are endangered and ways of assisting the endangered animate beingsT prepares a cartridge holder of picture ICE AGE in order to steer the pupils to discourse on the grounds of people cleanup animate beingsDuring the activity, T goes about, proctors and provides aid where necessary.To trip their conventional cognition of the endangered animate beings, to unite their scheme to culturally targeted subjectsAll thoughts are to be brainstorm in their group for bring forthing bill of commutesS SecondT SecondS Second60While Writing ( Rough draftsmanship )P eer ratingThymine informs them that they will hold to compose their ain thoughts down, in order they like on a piece of paper, -one group member will compose the bill of exchange and the others will give aid and counsel.During the activity, T goes around proctors and provides aidSs exchange documents with the other squad and give remarks on each other s workTo compose a unsmooth bill of exchange, to choose thoughts and to set up a point of viewTo advance coaction amongst group members, to peer-evaluate, to offer support and counsel with written workS SecondS Second60While Writing ( First Draft )Peer ratingT advises S to rewrite the essay every bit good as select which thoughts will travel to each paragraph, in their squadsT tells them that one of them will compose and the others will assist outAfter composing, T tells Ss to trade documents and give them to the other group to remarksTo set up information, to construction the text ( White and Arndt 1991 )To work collaboratively to accomplish an purposeTo advance co-operation to accomplish a end, to peer evaluate, to react to the first bill of exchange and to give feedback on the content ( Raimes cited in Gaith 2002 )T SecondT SecondS -ST SecondS -S60While Writing ( Second Draft )EditingT advises S to rewrite the bill of exchanges, much better, now, they ve got the feedback from other groupsAfter composing, T tells Ss to read out what they ve writtenTo better the accomplishment of authorship ( Charles 1990 )To redact, to proof-read contentS SecondT Second60Post Writing ( Finished Draft )T advises Ss to get down their single authorship on the foolscap paper providedT gives Ss appraisal Markss based the authorship producedTo show their pieces of complete authorshipS SecondT Second

Ing Life

ING Life Bo Sun CIS 505 Communication Technologies Strayer University DarcelFord, Ph. D. February 11, 2013 Difficulties and Risks Associated with net take to the woods Originally, meshing was designed for absolute security environment. Therefore, the protocols which are consisting of the infrastructure of Internet have no security concerns. This means Internet is easily to be vulnerable. Although major part of security issues are from inside, Internet does take external threats. When users refer the Internet, the web browsers might contain breaches that permit scripts to access the placement and may cause damages potentially.In addition, when information is transmitting through the domain network, the transmission might be captured by someone else. This is known as man-in-the middle attack. (Dean, 2009) Another potential common adventure associated with Internet is called reconnaissance mission threats. Attackers could detect the reachable networks, devices and services throu gh the Internet connection, or tied(p) draw an entire network map. Furthermore, DoS attack is another risk users could encounter when using Internet. Hackers attempts to over-whelm the system in order to make it shut down. Oppenheimer, 2011) Analyze INGs Solution The security instrument existing in the current INGs network is implemented a fire amongst the external brokers and the internal servers. Basically, this is not enough to protect the network, especially, the information of ING involves underground personal information. The information should be protected carefully. Securing Internet connection a variety of overlapping security mechanisms will be equipped to stock warrant the security of the Internet connection.Common mechanisms include firewalls, packet filters, physical security, audit logs, enfranchisement and authorization. At the same time, technicians in addition need to implement packet filters to clog the Internet routers from the DoS attacks. DoS attacks ha ve great intimidation to humankind servers. In this condition, reliable operating system and applications are critical to illuminate the potential attacks. CGI and other types of scripts also could take care of the servers. Finally, firewall mechanism is good when facing Dos attacks.Firewall technologies, physical security, authentication and authorization mechanisms, auditing, and possibly encryption consist of the security mechanisms utilized on remote access (Oppenheimer, 2011). in addition these normal network security mechanisms, a proper routing protocol is also important to Internet connection. The selected protocol should support route authentication. And static and default option routing is an issue need to be concerned because of potential compromised routing updates. Finally, clear police force and comprehensive training for the employee is significant.After all, most security issues are leaded by human errors. Critique the Extranet Solution To support extranet conn ection for brokers is an excellent decision. It is plain for users to get access to the information which they needed. On the other hand, extranet is easily to be managed from the security aspect. Administrators could implement security mechanisms simply. Remote-access VPN is another way could be utilise to connect the brokers. According to Oppenheimer, Reomte-access VPNs permit on-demond access to an organizations internetwork, via secure, encrypted connections. (Oppenheimer, 2011) This travel is suitable for the remote uses which dont need always connection. Users connect the corporates network through service providers network, this could decrease the budget of connection and the the work of network administritors. Install redundent mechanism could imprive brokers service. When primary database shut down, the backup devices could guarantee the network connection work normally. References Dean, T. (2009). network+ guide to networks. Mason Cengage erudition. Oppenheimer, P. (20 11). Top-down Network Design. Boston Pearson Learning Solutions.

In the Land of the Free Essay

In the Land of the Free Since the startle wave of Chinese immigration to the unify States in 1850s, the Chinese go through discrimination and often overt racism. According to Holland, during 1870s, a large itemize of Chinese laborers flooded into the Statesn job market after(prenominal) the issue of transcontinental railroads. Since the Chinese laborers were willing to work for lower wages, they took jobs away from unclouded workers which caused negative feeling toward Chinese. At the same fourth dimension, the economic downturn and the change magnitude unemployment rate led to more heightened outcries against Chinese immigrants.Eventu completelyy, the United States presidential term passed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, a law that restricted the number of Chinese entrance into America. (Holland 2007) Sui Sin Far, the first fiction writer of Asian descent, wrote an revealing story called In the Land of the Free, which portraits the harsh treatment a Chinese immigrant couple faced and the tremendous pain they suffered due to racism and discrimination upon entering the United States in the deeply 1800s.The story unfolded with a loving, caring and self-sacrificed Chinese young woman named Lae Choo, who was so excited or so the reunification with her husband, Hom Hing, a legal Chinese merchant in the United States. Traced back to three years before, when Hom Hing learned his wife was pregnant, he stubborn to send Lae Choo back to their native country, China, so they would have their first baby, the slim virtuoso and only(a), born there. They had been separated for three years since then, and this was the first time the exact unrivaled would go steady his father.But misfortune fell upon this coupleupon entering the land of America, the small-scale one was denied the entry to the U. S. The rea give-and- interpret was that the little one was born in China and there was no paperwork to verify he was born to Lae Choo and Hom Hing. The little on e was recognizen away by the US custom officers. The winter had passed, but the couple still couldnt land their baby back. Lae Choo got into a depression, going to the point of sharp-set herself.At the end, she had to stipend a lawyer with her entire life saving except one ring, a gift from Hom Hing for her pregnancy, to force back her baby back from the mission. But the refinement was heartbreaking that the little one couldnt recognize his mother after nine month separation. In the Land of the Free, with it darkly wry title, gives readers deep insights into the Chinese immigrants experience in America in late 1800s. The United States is a country with reputation for liberty, and Government is suppositional to religious service promote and protect world rights.But throughout the story, readers only see the fact that rigid Government policy infringed upon the couple and the babys human rights. Hong Hing couple had never expected that their basic human rights the rights of p arents to be with their children was deprived as soon as the wife and the baby arrived this country. In the story, the nine month of forcible separation between Hong Hing couple and their son shows the complete absence of compassion in the American government.During the nine month, the government didnt make any progress except for keeping displace 16 same letters to Hong Hing couple. And without the lawyers interference, it might take years for Hong Hing couple to get their baby back. The governments entire indifference to the spilt of an immigrant family was inhuman and cruel. In the story the author as well demonstrates the human costs of U. S. Governments discriminatory policy.Lae Choo, a caring, loving and self-sacrificed Chinese young woman, couldnt bear the pain of the separation from her son, almost starving herself to death. The words she said how could I close my eyes with my arms free (P 151) express the pain which Chinese immigrants underwent in the United States. For many Chinese immigrants like Hong Hing couple, there might have been economic opportunity in America, but the discrimination they faced made life phenomenally challenging. too Chinese Exclusion Act, during the late 1800s, federal, state and local government enacted a series of other discriminatory law, such as Sidewalk Ordinance, box-shaped Air Ordinance, and Queue Ordinance, etc, which specifically targeted Chinese immigrants. (cr. nps. gov, 2004) Hong Hing family just represents the thousands of victims of discriminatory laws. In addition, Lae Choo spend all of her bullion on legal action pleading with the Great Government at Washington to return her son. When the little one was finally returned, the family became impoverished.The experience taught the couple that the reality of life in America was brutal. Government policy could bring an immigrant family to a ruin. In the story, the author also describes the other form of discrimination the couple faced while backing in the United States. As new immigrants, Hong Hing couple lacked the ability to enunciate fluent English and write appropriate letters to solve the trouble they faced. Since they were new to the country, they didnt know how to advocate for themselves through the right channel.Relying on a white lawyer was their only hope to get the little one back as soon as possible. The lawyer was supposed to be there to help them unfortunately he was trying to take advantage of them. The sentences The young man eyed the Chinese merchant furtively, (P152) and He had a proposition to make and was pondering whether or not the time was opportune,(P 152) tells readers the lawyer was thinking about cheating and exploiting them. He could have helped the family reunion early, but he didnt do that until the couple were willing succumb him at a very high price.The lawyer didnt make do about their problem and was only thinking about his idea to get money as much as possible. Instead of making money and becomin g successful in the land of opportunity, the couple lost all of their money to him. In the Land of the Free is a strong and reigning work that takes readers into the painful life of a Chinese immigrant family of the time. The story helps readers sincerely understand the hardships Ch

Amazon vs Wallmart

amazon vs Wallm amazon vs. Walmart Alexandra Tikhonkikh Professor N. Kentish Metropolitan College of novel York The case study amazon vs. Walmart is illustrated several concepts, which was described in the chapter. mavin of them is a gross revenue Revenue Model where companies get revenue by selling goods, education, or services to clients. Like Amazon. com which sells books, music, and other(a) products. Another 1 is e-tailer model.It is close to the typical bricks-and-mortar storefront, except that customers nevertheless need to connect to the earnings to check their items and place an order. The value scheme of e-tailers is to provide convenient, low- embody shop 24/7, offering large assortments and consumer choice. Some e-tailers, such as Walmart. com, indicated to as bricks-and- tattles, argon divisions of existing physical stores and account the same products. Others, however, exist only in the virtual population, without any ties to physical locations like Amazon . com. Before we dismission to analyze Amazon and Walmart. om exploitation the value mountain chain and competitive forces models, we state to describe these two concepts. Business Value Chain Model let in 1) views firms as series of activities that add value to products or services, 2) highlights activities, 3) elemental activities vs. supplemental activities, 4) regulate how information carcasss could advance customer and provider disintermediation at for each nonp beil step of outgrowth, 5) utilize benchmarking. Michael Porters competitive forces model provides popular view of firm, its competitors, and environment.It in any case commutes products and services. The model include customers and suppliers, more than over, it contains traditional competitors and reinvigorated securities industry entrants. Besides, five competitive forces shape fate of firm. Amazon. com started as on byplay bookseller, but has expended into a wide anatomy of media, electronics, and o ther general production categories in support of its personal line of credit scheme. Amazons value chain includes primary and support activities. Primary activities ar very important for business, beca lend oneself those need to manufacture a product or services for the end drug users.These activities typically include 1) service basically meant by after-sales support like user training, install applications, customer support and etc. , 2) summonss manufacturing the product, 3) inbound logistics receiving goods from supplier and storing those goods, 4) outbound logistics sending goods to wholesalers, retailers or directly to the end customer, 5) marketing and sales product needed to be sold to the end customer, to understand customer requirements and also to promote goods.Support activities help to facilitate or assist the primary activities of producing product. There are four category 1) Procurement purchase birthday suit material and other items used in operations, 2) Human Resource heed recruiting, hiring, firing, training, developing, compensating, 3) Technological Development research and development, process automation, software, hardware, equipment, etc. , 4) Infrastructure may include accounting, legal, finance, planning, public affairs, government relations, quality assurance and general management.As to Amazons competitive advantages from a value chain there are several strategies of development like bulletproof technological infrastructure with a iodine platform, high investments in technology development for example Kindle, the better leverage digital products, great product forecasting system, print on demand, constantly imploring suggestions on new products, idle and fast defrayment system, 24/7 operations, free re go games within 30 days. Amazon. com competes with product item retailers online marketplace and mass merchandise retailers.This creates an environment of intense competition and requires Amazon. com to key itsel f uniquely based on the competitor. Lets try to intend a Wal-Mart position from the competitive model as well. Competition among rivals is pretty weak. The market is crowded but Wal-Mart has the lowest costs, prices, profits, and market share. The warning of substitute products is also weak. Wal-Mart exerts a great deal of effort in making sure they are innovative and meeting customer requests. The bargaining military force of suppliers is weak as well. For to the highest degree producers, Wal-Mart would be their largest account.The bargaining power of buyers is also weak. There is a very broad base of customers and a purposeful demand for low prices. The threat of new entrants is weak. Wal-Mart has a scale of operation that is very important, it would take years, maybe even decades, for a new family to be on the same level. Even prominent companies today would have really difficult sentence matching the costs and prices Wal-Mart provides. A more sophisticated analysis of Wa l-Marts internal value chain shows that Wal-Mart is confuse in esteem to technology and was the ? rst merchant, which uses bar codes.It also uses satellite connections to reveal with all its stores. Moreover, Wal-Mart has integrated its POS, inventory-control, RFID, and other logistical technologies to haste product delivery, break security and decrease costs. Besides It has developed regional obtaining centers in rundown to its legendary center in Bentonville, Arkansas. Wal-Mart even has one in Shenzhen, China. Merchants condition up satellite of? ces next door to the most suit able procural center. Because Wal-Mart is a retailer, not a manufacturer, its external value chain is passing simple.It deals with a variety of merchants and sells to customers. But the secret to discovering what makes Wal-Mart successful in canvass its internal value chain. We should mentioned Walmarts competitive advantages from a value chain perspective. setoff of all it is a diffusion capabiliti es well-organized distribution, leadership of Walmarts own distribution centers and inside-out location outline. Second, is partnership relationship with merchants integrates suppliers via IT treats them well in name of pricing, they are more business partners than value takers.Third, is advanced data archeological site dynamic group and usage of customer buying behavior report. Forth, hands culture and EDPL customer-oriented passforce interested through substantial monetary part and belief in Walmarts culture. And thats not hard contain the fact that Walmart is almost 50 years old. Wal-Marts business strategy is to provide Every day Lower Prices or EDPL for all its products and services. Their organization, beau monde culture, and supply chain management all support and emphasize this business strategy.Also, Wal-Mart use strategy of managing costs which include budgeting allowanceroll cost, saving on business travel cost, investing in technology, eliminating unnecessary c osts. Another strategy that we have to mention is a strategy of managing process, which consists of location and acquisition. And the last one called strategy of managing people resources. Every gild that wants to be successful supposes to pay attention to this strategy as well. Internal promotions, employee motivating and external recruitment are the main components of this strategy.By implementing these three important strategies success unspoilty, Wal-Mart has become from a single store to the biggest retailer in the coupled States and the biggest company in the world. The cost management strategy of Wal-Mart was created an operational model with the lowest cost which was change magnitude the ratio of profit on the financial reports. Products found in Wal-Mart stores are not considered to be a high-end, luxury, or fashion oriented. Because their strategy is creation a low price leader. Wal-Mart aims to provide a wide variety of products under one location for a low price.Wa l-Mart stores also show their own private labels that compete on price with national brands. Moreover, the growth management strategy had hauled Wal-Mart into the right direction of investment and spread out radically around the distribution center. However, the people management strategy motivates all employees to work more efficiency and generates a great workplace environment which full of self-improvement, competition, and respects. It also provides a chance for people to variety-up experience from the low-rank position to the high-rank position.Consequently, strong management in these three strategies had transformed Wal-Mart into the biggest company in the world with the highest number of workers worldwide and had also provided benefits to millions of people around the world by transferring avoidable cost into low-cost products. Now we are going to consider the management, organization and technology factors that have contributed to the success of Amazon. Firs of all, Amazo n is convenient and easy of use. It has a large selection of different items, unlimited virtual shelf space and wholesale relations, so you could find any product for refreshing price.The service is high performance, which could be proven by high rush along and reliability. nodes are kept informed well about new products and the system that provides shipping makes the process fast. Also, Amazon use innovative technology, which contribute development and support of all system in whole. For short(p) time Amazon. com became a well-k instantern brand with cross promotion, high advertising, co-branding and publisher relations. Amazon. com is also renowned for its large community where customer and author reviews post. It has a great hold policy for customer like bookmarks, notepads, cups, etc.Amazon arranges promotions where customers could collaborate with famous authors. The site has a large customer database with personalization pages, which contain extensive customer profiles. It also has testimony pages, which help other readers make a right choice. Amazon has a high trust for their users because of guarantees and return policy. Great customer service is also promote trust of users because of superior service reps, easy search, email confirmation, prolonged service, extensive subject index, ability to order before publication. By the sort Amazon has good cost structure.Besides low prices it has fast, reliable and inexpensive shipping. Amazon and Wal-Mart using e-commerce is a fascinating combination of business models and new information technologies. Wal-Marts impressive growth in such a short time and perhaps the most important factor in its rise was their exploiting of the dominance of e-business, e-procurement, and the modification of internal processes to maximize its benefits. In compare with others companies, Wal-Mart transformed supply chain management by using a sales revenue model where customer requests satisfy by wise variety of goods.Inv entory control is perfect improved and purchasing trends are available to sellers, whom nowadays must be able to respond as quickly as possible to the needs of millions of customers. To decentralize the procurement was a great business decision for Wal-Mart, that helped simplify the process for employees in all store immediately order the applicable stock automatically, which is require industrious turnout of product from the suppliers. This fast replenishment system, attached with perfect purchasing forecasting, helps Wal-Mart reduce overall costs.Wal-Marts power as a freak in business has helped in establishing new standards for B2B e-commerce. Wal-Marts approach of peeled costs at all costs resulted in them deploying EDI over the network to eliminate the costly VAN altogether. EDI over the Internet (EDI-INT) uses a new standard called AS2, a communication protocol that attempts to make EDI communications over the Internet both secure and reliable. By mandating their supplier s to use AS2, Wal-Mart leads the charge in creating a demand for a new generation of EDI, and in turn drives the whole world of e-business advancing.Amazons e-commerce business model Amazon started as a store that focused primarily on books and music. It quickly expanded to other sectors and now sells products in nearly every segment apparel, position improvement, groceries. In addition, Amazon has expanded from a Business-to-Consumer (B2C) only store to a mixed model with its corporate account functionality that focuses on business customers. Added to the mix, is the Amazon marketplace Amazons answer to eBay, which allows merchants to list their products and customers to purchase from merchants while using Amazons e-commerce platform.As a provider of e-Commerce software to mid-market, we use Amazon as a annex for the features it has on the web store. Some of these features not easily found on other sites include the 1-Click Ordering, Customer Viewing, Recently Viewed Products, Keyword Auto-fill on the product search, Your Personalized Store, and Items to Consider. While approximately of these features are relatively easy to implement e. g. 1-click Ordering, others are not so easy and demand an advanced platform. But selling goods isnt the only way to make money with Amazon. com.The clear sites affiliate program is one of the most famous on the mesh. Through Amazons Associate Program , anyone with a weathervane site can post a link to Amazon. com and earn some money. The associate can also take advantage of Amazon vane Services , which is the program that lets people use Amazons benefits for their own purposes. The Amazon Web Services API (application programming interface) lets developers access the Amazon technology infrastructure to build their own applications for their own Web sites. All product sales generated by those Web sites have to go through Amazon. om, and the associate gets a downhearted commission on each sale. On the flip side, Amazo n seems to not have kept up with the Web 2. 0 and Web 3. 0 user interface improvements and for most part still incorporates Web 1. 0 technology which means you still need a mouse click to view a product as opposed to being able to see product details with a mouse roll-over. Amazon could use a make-over to make for a brighter shopping experience. For my opinion Amazons e-commerce business model is stronger than Wal-Marts e-commerce business model because E-commerce is Amazons core mission and environment.Amazon started with a store that was properly feature-rich for its time and has deceased on to strengthen that foundation. Today, it probably defenses as the leader in cost of the richness of its e-Commerce features, product breadth, personalized recommendations and depth of content available crossways e-commerce sites. However, there is a need for Amazon to offer a simplified and trendier shopping experience as an alternative which many other sites now offer. I dont think Wal-M art will replace Amazon any time soon, if ever, but it gives them a good shot of increasing their overall Web penetration.Amazons value proposition until now has been a broad assortment. This enables Walmart to compete with other companies with big assortments. I would prefer to make my internet purchases at Wal-Mart because this company has a great experience and long term history. Wal-Mart exists almost 50 years, Amazon is a brand new, successful but still doesnt have that experience that Wal-Mart does. Some reviewers have actually built their pursuance on Amazon. com with good quality reviews. References 1. Wal-Mart Form 10K Portions of Annual Report to Shareholders.United States Securities and trade Commission. Retrieved June 28, 2011. 2. Ann Zimmerman (2010-06-07). Rival Chains Secretly Fund Opposition to Walmart. The Wall pass Journal. Retrieved 2010-06-08. 3. Daniel, Fran (2010-09-29). Head of Walmart tells WFU audience of plans for growth over next 20 years. Winston-Salem Journal. Retrieved 2010-09-29. 4. Walton, surface-to-air missile Huey, John. Sam Walton Made in America My Story. New York Bantam, 1993. ISBN 978-0-553-56283-5. 5. Sam Walton Great From the Start HBS Working Knowledge 6. Frank, T. A. A Brief invoice of Wal-Mart. The Washington Monthly.April 1, 2006. Retrieved July 24, 2006. 7. The Rise of Wal-Mart. Frontline Is Wal-Mart Good for America?. 2004-11-16. Retrieved 2007-09-19. 8. The Wal-Mart Timeline. Wal-Mart (published on walmartfacts. com). Retrieved July 24, 2006. 9. 2010 Form 10-K, Amazon. com, Inc. . United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 10. Amazon. com Site Info. Alexa Internet. Retrieved 2011-12-02. 11. Jopson, Barney (2011-07-12). Amazon urges California referendum on online tax income. FT. com. Retrieved 2011-08-04. 12. Amazon Spain launch may presage new overseas run, Reuters, Sept 14, 2011. 3. Ann Byers (2006). Jeff Bezos the founder of Amazon. com 14. Harvard Business Review. Harvard Business Review. Retri eved 2010-08-29. 15. Person of the socio-economic class Jeffrey P. Bezos. Time Magazine. 1999-12-27. Archived from the original on 2000-04-08. Retrieved 2008-01-05. 16. Rivlin, Gary (2005-07-10). A Retail Revolution Turns 10. Seattle, WA The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-08-04. 17. Amazon. com Introduces New Logo New Design Communicates Customer Satisfaction and A-to-Z Selection. Corporate IR. net. Retrieved 2010-08-29. 18. Amazon company timeline, Corporate IR. *

Simulation Review Paper

Running header Simulation followup Paper Simulation Review Paper HSC/405 January 10, 2012 David Catoe Some shoot down in the lives of many to all there atomic number 18 choices and closings that are to be make. These one-on-one choices and decisions we make help guide us to a certain polish or point in life where one would like to be. not to say that reaching these set destinations leave alone be easy to string too but they arent hard to accomplish with positive intellection and actions.Financial and economic decisions in a business perspective are difficult and could feel like we are forbiddenside trying to sapidity in at times when put in a unsentimental position. My goal is to further retrospect the fiscal account of a cardiac guardianship hospital to implant strategies to resolve some ongoing monetary concerns. The cardiac care hospital in review is Elijah Hearts spirit (EHC). EHC is facing many critical downfalls that are causing financial concerns to arise. s ome(prenominal) of those downfalls are Capital shortage, jacket crown expansion, accounting systems and funding natural selections.Critical thinking, cooking and leadership expertnesss are needed to help figure out a new financial process for the arrangement and that is what will be presumption and shown in todays paper. After analyzing and reviewing the current status of the caller I must figure out whats beneficial for the memorial tablet in regard to capital shortage. Considering my options I decided to reduce comprise in funding by cutting down on lag. This decision I made was hard but considering the facts at hand I made this choice with an open mind and positive thinking.The downsizing of staff has a slight effect on the hospital but naught to damaging to their functions and operations. Not and have I decided to downsize staff but I have also chosen to change the skill mix. This will better help increase patient volumes and appropriate for the organization to sol ve the capital shortfall. As for my choice in give options I went with loan option one vs. loan option ii for a few incompatible reasons. When picking which loan was high hat it was simple cod to the given interest rates and monthly installments which were ery similar in determine and percentage. However the concern was in that of loan option two. There was a prepayment limitation of 6 represented for loan option two which loan option one had a prepayment limitation of 0. The critical and visual smell of what was provided helped me in my choices resulting in a solved problem with the capital terminal at EHC. Moving on with all the advancements with technology it is considered by Mr. Sanchez to gain ground a High-Speed CT S undersidener, an X-Ray Machine and a vernal Ultrasound system.These systems will provide more satisfying quality of care to EHC patients. My given option of ensuring the hospital has these equipments are either purchasing new or refurbished including lo an options of a capital or in operation(p) make use of up. Starting with the high-speed CT scanner, subsequently review of my options and looking all over the new equipment details I have made a pick. I chose to have EHC invest into a refurbished machine. The choice was the correct one for EHC and its financial status.It is shown that the price is cheaper which also technology for tis equipment is bond to change in a few stratums. The X-ray machine was tough to choose the right option but I chose a capital lease. The reason was the equipment is new and after the lease ends the company is given an option of purchasing the equipment or not. The capital lease also allows for EHC to claim ownership on their balance sheets inside the provided lease period. Next is the Ultrasound system and my decision was between a capital lease and an operating lease.After closer review I believe the operating lease was the best option. The equipment at this point is two years old and change with technology every few years. This would allow EHC to be current with technology and future options of keeping what machinery is needed or if not handing punt outdated equipment. As with that said the operating lease is not treated as if its apart of the assets of the company but as a rental. The decisions that I have made were all correct and EHC is instantly doing better allowing for growths in profits and patient care.Capital expansion is significant for EHC so I chose HUD 242 Loan Insurance Program as the best fit. The company is due to have increased revenues within the seventh year of operating the new expansion which allows time for saving. HUD 242 loan insurance design best fits because interest payments begin 8 years after offshoot date. This is perfect and falls in line with the companys financial status, future revenue and help save funds. The decisions that I have made have proven to provide well for EHC and now the company is back on track and in good financial statu s.The simulation that was provided served me with bulky hands on experience and knowledge of how critical thinking can benefit not only me but many others in different ways. The choices that I made just dont happen in a case of a minute but took a matter of time. Remember the turtle won the race being steady and sure and thats how I feel I took this simulation review. I had to review and analyze arrears of different categories trying to figure out the best options for EHC. The financial aspect within a business such as EHC has many different bridges which some might be easy to dog while others are difficult.This simulation did challenge me to consider not only what I wanted for the company but what was best compatible. I worked though the simulation with nervousness but then again I was confident(p) and come out with correct choices. In Conclusion EHC has allowed me a gigantic opportunity to help resolve their financial matters in which all worked out fine. The medical equipme nt that EHC has now allows for patient to wait in lesser lines for tests or treatments. By being moving more quickly and efficiently patients snuff it less stress when in the hospital.The downsizing of staff at this point was right but in the future more job opportunities will be open allowing for returning staff growth. Since EHC is moving ahead in a positive manner the organization set forth $75 million dollars for an expansion. The expansion called for a plan that HUD 242 loan insurance schedule could help with in funding. The choices made lead EHC to have good bills flow resulting in a steady income. Introduced were strategies for future and current use and the purpose is that bridges that one though couldnt be cut through have been crossed through careful thought and analyzing.

Hidden Violence Essay

The word gang-everyone live ons what it means or what it tie-ups for. Of course by the time children occur to the end of their elementary years theyve heard of know gangs such as the Cribs, Bloods, Latin Kings, Vatos Locos, but none of those names feat as much cumulationiness and terror as the gang cal direct La mara Salvatrucha aka MS-13. La Mara cognize for their psychotic methods of killing and racetrack their turf, no former(a) gang comes close to causing the same fear as La Mara Salvatrucha (ms-13gang.com). Forced to abandon their home contribute due to the well-mannered war in El Salvador, the adventure to the U.S. was tidy at the start but soon the odds turned against them. then for their protection they were forced to start was today is known as the nearly(prenominal) spartan gang of the world La Mara Salvatrucha (National geographic).A elementary face-off between El Salvadors government and guerrilla groups began the civil war of 1980 in El Salvador. The civi l war killed 75,000 people and remaining 8,000 missing and an new(prenominal) million or so homeless. The war was known for the governments massacres and its Death Squads killing of civilians, nuns and priests (bookrag.com). This led mevery a(prenominal) Salvadorians to search for a better life, many of whom came to America for their flip beginning. A group of refugees in Pico Union, California had to set up applyd to their reinvigorated home, not knowing that by escaping the war in El Salvador they had provided jumped refine into a new one against the LA street gangs. transmigrate parents working endless sifts providing no parental supervision young Salvadorian children were cosmos raised by the streets of LA. After being beaten, stabbed, and harassed by the consist of the LA street gangs, a group of refugees trenchant to form a strong hold or as it is c eithered in Salvador, a Mara.They said, If these guys want violence well show them violence keep in mind that these refugees had a good knowledge of what violence was as well as having preceding(prenominal) military training (ms-13gang.com). Then came the day when they said large is enough it is time to take a stand, and the infamous MS-13 was formed. Born in LA in the 1980s, expanding to parts of Canada, Spain, England, and Germany becoming bigger and dangerous day by day. La Mara can now be open up in Washington D.C, Oregon, Alaska, Arkansas, Texas, Nevada, Utah, Oklahoma, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, and Florida sound alone in the United States. In Central America they can be found in El Salvador, Mexico, Guatemala and several other Latin countries.MS-13 is considered to be one of the most dangerous and organized in the world (altereddimensions.net).There are 2 directions to get into the gang. For males one is to get jumped in, which means the new recruit is surround by numerous members and beaten for at least 13 seconds. The other way is by killing either a n enemy gang member or just a simple killing. For females there is a third excerption which is to get having sexual intercourse with several MS members or as they call it gang banged. MS-13 has many similar criminal characteristics as other gang such as smuggling drugs, people, and weapons. The biggest difference with MS-13 is the willingness to use brutality in all their activities (keysaferschools.com).All of the MS-13 activities were kept low-profile very well. Unlike many gang which us guns, knives, and ropes to hang their victims, La Mara Salvatrucha uses machetes, which have lead their weapon of choice (ms-13gang.com). From the start gang members notwithstanding wore white, gray, and blue color in mostly colors token from El Salvadors flag. Using a weapon such as the machete is pretty insane right? Well they went all by with this weapon not just slash n dicing all their enemies but also just by relish their brains out with the machetes. Lets get to the gang signs they throw up when representing their hood. Using one hand where they stick out the little finger fingerbreadth as well as the force finger letting the gimp cross over the other two fingers that are cured into the palm. close to other gang sign is using both hands having both index fingers and thumbs out, extending the two fingers between the index and the pinky half way out still cured also on both hands which leaves the pinky hidden on the side last social occasion is to join the pinky knuckles together also having the ring fingers touch.This powerful symbolism a fearing sight to experiences, both representing devil horns are tho another nip why these guys are considered to be, if not the most, at least one of the circus tent dangerous gangs in the world (mahalo.com). Representing their hood is so important to them that they use their own faces to rep their hood. MS members tattooing them-self all over the body especially on the face, with signs such as, MS-13, 666, and X II I in big garner and fonts too. All their tattoos are gothic which simply means aboutthing very gentle spirited, members will most comm unless have 666 tatted on their body (ms-13gang.com). Stacking, some call it a eccentric person of dance to gangs it is just another type of language used to tell the other gangs they are MS-13 and that this is their turf. Not only do they claim their territory and rep their hood, but also around non-members, police, and enemy gangs stacking is used as their secret code language.The reason that some people phone of stacking being a type of dance is because essentially it uses the whole body moving in a redeem by-line behind hand motions. Starting out in California, soon later on their members were being deported back to their home countries right after(prenominal) El Salvadors civil war ended (altereddimensions.com). Police force in their primal country not being suited to face off against MS-13s level of brutality had no way to control or suppress them, and MS-13 began to grow extremely all over El Salvador. Not lacking to attract too much police attention they decide to involve to their neighboring country, Honduras. Honduras a very significant act of the MS-13s overtop of terror along with a period filled with fear and fretting for Hondurans. The Gang Slaughter of La Mara Salvatrucha on a bus with six children and twenty-two adults left a huge impact in the eyes of many. Suspected gang members armed with assault rifles cruelly sprayed a bus full with holiday shoppers in the city of San Pedro Sula in Honduras.One of the suspected gang members was arrested in the same playing area just hours after the horrific action found with two assault rifles, two pistols, and ammunition in his vehicle. Another two where found just 10 miles away from San Pedro Sula two days after (altereddimensions.net). Only these leash arrested suspects were linked to MS-13. As for the rest of the sad people who joined in this satanic ac t are believed that they were going through inanition for La Mara Salvatrucha. Yet again MS-13 attracting much attention from the Honduran authorities, they decided to play again but this time they dont move together they spread like crazy (ms-13gang.com). Then the world all-encompassing spread started from this point on, migrating back to the United States to rejoin their soldiers left behind, and counterpane over Central America as well as in parts of Europe and Asia. Up until 2002 no police department had any solid information on La Mara Salvatrucha. Thats until a brave young lady Brenda Paz spoke out against the infamous MS-13 on a search for a new start (mahalo.com).At only 16 years of age Brenda wanted to take a stand and try to stop what today is classified as an organized crime. At the time Brenda had just got paginate by the leader in her area which he knew nothing about. For almost six months she was under protection provided by the government but due to her pregnancy s he left the area to get some air and have open space. Just soon after in 2003 she was found dead in Virginia-she was six months pregnant. Her body was found under a bridge in Shenandoah County. Stabbed 13 times all over the body this is just another act of La Mara Salvatrucha to show they are for real (altereddimensions.net). Several MS-13 members have been accused of the killing, Brenda who was dower authorities from at least six states investigate the gang was a great lost for the police force as well. In most case MS-13 members feel great pride when carrying out violent actions because to them its the crazier, most violent, and originally that gets them more respect with the gang, ranking up in other words.Imagine a little bump ball, what happens to the tiny thing when rolled around a few times? It grows tremendously right, yea exactly correct. The more and more you roll it the bigger it gets. Thats how La Mara Salvatrucha started out as a simple little snow ball and look at it now, seems to me that it hasnt stopped rolling yet and never will. Their first enemy 18 street a Mexican gang in Cali, the LAPD, the FBI and many more couldnt stop them, what makes you think anyone can People just stay clear of the streets avoid crossing with gangs and If you hear of MS-13 near you just stay inside. MS-13 has no respect to anyone other than their own and will let their full fury out on anyone who crosses in their way.N.p. n.p., 1999. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. .N.p. SparTech Software, 1998-2011. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. .Logan, Samuel. N.p. n.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. .N.p. n.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. .N.p. National Geographic Channel, 2009. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. .