The Devils Backbone Essay -- essays research papers

During the Spanish Civil War, an orphaned 10-year-old boy, Carlos (Fernando Tielve), arrives at the Santa Lucia School, where hes taken in by the headmistress (Marisa Paredes). Over time, Carlos comes to realize that the school has just about creepy secrets, including a sighing ghost.Starring Eduardo Noriega, Marisa Paredes, Federico Luppi, Inigo Garces, Fernando Tielve, Irene Visedo Directed by Guillermo del ToroWritten by Guillermo del Toro, Antonio Trashorras, David MuozStudio Sony Pictures Classics During the Spanish Civil War, an orphaned 10-year-old boy, Carlos (Fernando Tielve), arrives at the Santa Lucia School, where hes taken in by the headmistress (Marisa Paredes). Over time, Carlos comes to realize that the school has some creepy secrets, including a sighing ghost.Starring Eduardo Noriega, Marisa Paredes, Federico Luppi, Inigo Garces, Fernando Tielve, Irene Visedo Directed by Guillermo del ToroWritten by Guillermo del Toro, Antonio Trashorras, David MuozStudio Sony Pict ures Classics GenreHorror, Drama spare DateNovember 21, 2001 (NY) expands nationwide at a later date MPAA RatingR - for violence and some sexuality Running Time106 minutes filming Location(s)Madrid Web SitesOfficial SiteOfficial Spanish Site10/08/01Director del Toro is also attached to Blade 2 Bloodhunt and the comic hold back adaptation Hellboy. (Upcoming Movies) POSITIVE SOURCE RATING THE GIST Cranky Critic $5 a very cool ghost story, with a couple o...

The Cybernetic Plot of Ulysses :: Ulysses

The Cybernetic Plot of Ulysses A paper delivered at the CALIFORNIA JOYCE conference (6/30/93) To quote the opening of Norbert Wieners address on Cybernetics to theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences in March of 1950, The wordcybernetics has been taken from the Greek word kubernitiz (ky-ber-NEE-tis)meaning steersman. It has been invented because there is not in theliterature any sufficient term describing the general study of communicationand the related study of control in both machines and in living beings. In this paper, I mean by cybernetics those activities and ideas that haveto do with the sending, carrying, and receiving of breeding. My thesisis that there is a cybernetic plot to ULYSSES -- a constellation ormeaningful pattern to the novels many images of people sending, carrying,and receiving -- or distorting, or losing -- signals of varying import andvalue. This plot -- the plot of signals that are launched on perilousOdyssean journeys, and that reach home, if they do, on ly through deviouspaths -- parallels and augments the novels more central journeys, itsdangers encountered, and its self-made returns. ULYSSES works ratherneatly as a cybernetic allegory, in fact, not only in its representedaction, but also in its history as a text. The book itself, that is, hasreached us only by a devious path around Cyclopean censors and the Scyllaand Charybdis of pirates and obtuse editors and publishers. ULYSSES bothretells and re-enacts, that is, the Odyssean journey of information that,once sent, is threatened and nearly thwarted before it is finally received.We are talking, of course, of cybernetics avant la lettre -- before NorbertWiener and others had coined the term. But like Molieres Monsieur Jourdaindiscovering that all along hes been mouth prose, so Leopold Bloom mightdelight in learning that he is actually quite a proficient cyberneticist.Joyce made his protagonist an advertizing headcounter at the moment whenadvertizing had just entered the modern age. Blooms job is to put hisclients messages into forms that are digestible by the mass medium of thepress. If Bloom shows up in the National Library, for instance, it will beto find a logo (in what we would call clip art) for his client AlexanderKeyes. The conduct of spirit through space and epoch is what communications about.And James Joyce was interested, as we know, in the conduct of spirit hisown, that of his home town, and that of his species. Once theyre sent, what are some of the things that can happen to messages?

Hairball Essay -- essays papers

HairballA solitary woman sits in conversation with a benign tumour that had just recently been removed from her ovary. As the woman speaks, the inanimate tumour, which she has named Hairball, looks on from its glass encased perch atop the fireplace. The scene is dark and certainly unusual, but such is the life of Kat, the main character in Margaret Atwoods short story, Hairball. Kats life is filled with the unusual and the shocking, a lifestyle that has been self-imposed. Throughout the years, Kat, an avant garde fashion photographer, has altered her image, even her name, to suit the circumstances and the era. Over time Kat has fashioned a seemingly strong and lowering exterior, but as Kats life begins to disintegrate we discover that the strong exterior is just a facade devised to protect a light-colored and fragile interior. Kats facade begins to unravel and she undergoes significant personal losses in fact, the losses go so far as to take her identity or lack there of. As Kat begins to lose control, her mental and physical disintegration is hastened by three major conflicts The conflict with the baseball club in which she lives, the conflict with her romantic interests (specifically Ger), and finally the physical conflict she faces with her own body. In the end, these conflicts will threaten to strip Kat of her lifestyle as healthful as her name.From the beginning of Kats life, she was at odds with her environment. When she was a child, she was Katherine, a doll like representation of what her mother wanted her to be. As a teenager she was Kathy, a representation of what she believed others wanted, a bouncy, round-faced girl with gleaming freshly washed hair and enviable teeth, eager to please and no more int... ...he vehicle for the ultimate bizarre act reflecting Kats personality disintegration. She has gone from Katherine, to Kath, to Kat to being temporarily without a name.The journey that Kat takes through the story, from a person be by o thers to a person without definition, is somewhat of a birth in reverse. In the story the character of Kat is defined by the conflicts she faces and her inability to adequately deal with them. The more Kat attempts to find herself within the parameters of her society, work and relationships, the more she becomes lost. It is the conflicts that bring Kat to a moment of clarity as she is left blue and abandoned. It is in this state that Kat is able to lose her name and begin to reconstruct herself apart from the influences of others. Without a name Kat is now the blank rag onto which she hopes to paint her final masterpiece.

Physics of Paintball :: physics paintball gun

Fuel For A Paintball MarkerThe Reason that people motivating a tank car car when they play paintball is because you need a way to force the paintballs out of the gun and this cannot be achieved effectively by just using a spring. What they decided to do was to fuel the paintballs by pushing them with a gas. The way in which they did this was to put the gases, either Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide or Nitrogen under essential pressure until they turned into a silver and once they be in a liquid form they can be blown into a tank which probably looks something like this.Carbon Dioxide must be under a pressure of at least 415.8 kPaA For it to turn into liquid form. Oxygen and Nitrogen are very similar to this.The way in which the gas is let out is that there is a needle in a valve in the top of the tank and when the tank is screwed into the paintball marker the needle gets pressed down and the entire system be receives pressurized and is ready to be fired. Then when the gun is cocked and the trigger is pulled the bolt is pushed forward, accelerated by the force of the C02 acting behind it and pushes the paintball out. Then the bolt comes back into the read position and the C02 is no longer flowing and is again pushing against the bolt.There are some problems with this system however. One of the major ones is called snowing, where liquid C02 actually gets into the paintball marker, this is not good for multiple reasons, first of all having the liquid C02 on the moving move inside a marker is not good for it, since many of the parts inside are rubber or plastic. The second problem with this is since the gas is in liquid form it is not expanding as fast and there for is not pushing the paintballs as effectively. This causes a white snow like substance to come out of the barrel of the marker. There are several way that this problem is dealt with, some markers have the guns stored in a vertical position to keep the liquid in the bottom of the tanks. Other markers employ gas lines or expansion chambers, these are basically just tubes or cylinders that run from the tank to the marker and utilize the C02 a chance to turn from a liquid to a gas.

Changes in the twenty first century workplace Essay example -- Technol

It was once a common belief that if employees worked hard, showed up on time and followed the rules that they would be guaranteed a job for life. However, over the last decade at that place have been changes in the workplace. There are two main causes for this change. The changes in the work place in the twenty-first century are being caused by advancements in technology and expansions in globalization through the Internet.The advancement in technology across the world is a major cause of the changes in the workplace. For instance, the advancements in computers are astounding. Mainframe computers have given way to personal computers, then laptop computers, and now hand-held tablets. Findings of a study by IDC, a merchandise research company, showed that by 2015 more people will be connecting to the Internet using tablets, smart phones, and other mobile gadgets compared to those who use the Internet through their backdrop computers (Schroeder). Cell phones have also seen a revoluti on by becoming faster, more efficient and more feature-rich. It is even possible to check email on the way to work using a handheld device. A Nielson fact sheet discoverlining the usage of various devices in America shows that there are 223 million cell phone users over the age of 13, and 25% of the mobile devices sold during Q3 of 2009 were smart phones. That is estimated to go up to between 40-50% during 2010 (Heimbuch). Individuals can text, status update, tweet, or draw other seamlessly by mobile devices that can fit in their pockets. Even the printed word may become obsolete according to Aaron Bradley, as outlined in his online article called A Modest Proposal for Newspapers in the 21st Century. In his article, he discusses how the printing of newspapers is be... ...in the new flat world individuals need to figure out how to become untouchable. He explains that untouchables are people whose jobs cannot be outsourced, digitized, or automated (184). He explains that in a flat world there is no nightlong a job based solely on geographic, but rather in most cases an available job will go to the best, smartest, most full-bodied or cheapest worker-wherever he or she resides (183). He goes on to show that companies and individuals have to look at the global picture today in order to succeed (183).The work place has changed through the course of the centuries. Technology and globalization are the causes of the change in the workplace in the twenty-first century. Who does what work, when, and how will continue to assume as technology becomes increasingly more advanced and communication across the globe becomes more seamless.

Changes in the twenty first century workplace Essay example -- Technol

It was once a common belief that if employees worked hard, showed up on time and followed the rules that they would be guaranteed a job for life. However, over the last decade there have been changes in the workplace. There are two main ca procedures for this change. The changes in the work place in the 21st blow are being caused by advancements in technology and expansions in globalization through the Internet.The advancement in technology across the earth is a major cause of the changes in the workplace. For instance, the advancements in computers are astounding. Mainframe computers have given way to personal computers, then laptop computers, and now hand-held tablets. Findings of a adopt by IDC, a market research company, showed that by 2015 more people ordain be connecting to the Internet using tablets, smart phones, and other mobile gadgets compared to those who use the Internet through their desktop computers (Schroeder). Cell phones have also seen a revolution by becomi ng faster, more efficient and more feature-rich. It is even mathematical to check email on the way to work using a handheld device. A Nielson fact sheet outlining the usage of various devices in the States shows that there are 223 million cell phone users over the age of 13, and 25% of the mobile devices sold during Q3 of 2009 were smart phones. That is estimated to go up to between 40-50% during 2010 (Heimbuch). Individuals john text, status update, tweet, or reach other seamlessly by mobile devices that can fit in their pockets. Even the printed word may become obsolete match to Aaron Bradley, as outlined in his online article called A Modest Proposal for Newspapers in the 21st Century. In his article, he discusses how the printing of newspapers is be... ...in the new flat ball individuals need to figure out how to become untouchable. He explains that untouchables are people whose jobs cannot be outsourced, digitized, or automated (184). He explains that in a flat world there is no longer a job based solely on geographic, but rather in most cases an available job will go to the best, smartest, most productive or cheapest worker-wherever he or she resides (183). He goes on to show that companies and individuals have to look at the global picture like a shot in order to succeed (183).The work place has changed through the course of the centuries. Technology and globalization are the causes of the change in the workplace in the twenty-first century. Who does what work, when, and how will continue to evolve as technology becomes increasingly more advanced and communication across the globe becomes more seamless.

Deciding On a Vehicle Type

Many reckons influence the self-propelled instauration process. Some of these include the target harm, workload intended for the fomite, fullty in crashes, aesthetical appeal in design, elicit economy or burn efficiency, ergonomics, and mechanical design. These factors deeply affect the vehicular design procedure. This paper pull up stakes travel into individually of these aspects and deeper to explain why they argon so influential.DECIDING ON A VEHICLE TYPEThe first step in the development of an automobile is to descend what kind of vehicle it will be. A truck is most useful for construction, moving, farm work, and things of those natures. However, people employ a minivan or sedan in transporting families or taking vacations. at that place atomic number 18 sports gondola cars, designed scarcely to get its passengers there fast and in style. The engineers can non even initiate more complex design phases until the cars primary style is decided, thus making it one of the most important steps in the entire process.PRICEPrice appears at the same stage in development as choosing the car type. Money is a major factor in the development of any untried technology or product. Not only will the price obligate to be suit subject for the consumer, it moldiness overly be feasible to put the amount of funding required into the project. Developing a new automobile holds thousands of hours of work and millions of dollars in funding to make a reality. Companies must make sure that they are putting their millions of dollars into a worthy cause, as most concept cars never see the assembly line. Before designing the cars performance and feature list, the engineers must know in what price range the car is to be sold. Budgets have to be set, and they assist in determining the outcome of the car.FUEL EFFICIENCYAlong the same gen successionl lines as price is the fuel economy of the vehicle. Manufacturers must meet certain emission standards to make their creatio ns street-legal. Drag exerted on the vehicle dandyly affects fuel economy. Engineers use the drag coefficient formula to narrow how much force drag applies on their design. The formula for the drag coefficient is where FD is the drag force. P is the density of the mean(a) through which the object is traveling. In automobile design, this medium is the air, whose density is a relative constant. U is the speed of the body journeying through the medium (which in this case is air), and L is the scale of the body heedful in square units1. This formula is used to calculate the drag coefficient of a vehicle.The independent variables in the above equation are measured using a wind tunnel and other standard measuring techniques. The higher the drag coefficient is the more drag is exerted on the car and the worse its fuel economy would be. get down fuel economy is, by nature, undesirable and makes the consumer less deally to purchase the vehicle. With the rising fuel issues, a growing i nterest in creating new environmen proudy amicable engines has become known. Millions of dollars are being poured into projects that will lead to highly efficient motors to power the human beings automotive force. This is another section, and alternate engines will be discussed later in the paper.As previously acknowledged, cars are tested in wind tunnels to assist in measuring the drag forces on the vehicle. Wind tunnels are essentially larger-than-life tubes with an enormous fan at one end. The object to be tested is placed in the wind tunnel, and the fan is started, causing air particles to accelerate and picture wind. The wind then reaches the object to be tested. However, the human eye cannot see exactly where the wind goes when hitting the object. Therefore, wind tunnel technologists use smoke to view the airflow around their subjects2. Automotive engineers use the data gathered in wind tunnel testing to calculate the drag on the vehicles.Another factor of the fuel econom y of a vehicle is its weight. Generally, lighter cars boast better fuel efficiency. Engineers wage a constant war between lightweight and heavyweight vehicles. Lightweight vehicles are more efficient than their heavyweight counterparts are, alone they are also considered less safe. Lighter vehicles also maintain their tires better, further increasing their efficiency. In recent eld and through most of automobile history, the clear choice has been to go with the safer vehicles and simply postpone the efficiency until better technologies exist to im fold up upon it.During the 1980s, however, the class of producing smaller, more compact cars was introduced. A standard called the Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standard (CAFE) was set at 27.5 miles per gallon, forcing automotive manufacturers to create smaller, less safe cars to meet the optional CAFE standard3. This standard has been blamed for many another(prenominal) deaths because lighter cars are more insecure. Safety issues wi ll be discussed later.The 1990s brought back the era of the large vehicle, and we have since been seeing monstrous SUVs rule the market. Perhaps one day, engineers will unearth the perfect balance between efficiency and safety. As for now, great strides are being made in improving the safety of the smaller vehicles and more and more sports cars are being made small. Plastics are making it workable to create safe, lightweight vehicles. From body panels to interior parts, plastic may very healthy be the future of automotive design. The tires on a vehicle also contribute to fuel efficiency, so the lighter cars have yet another advantage in the efficiency department4.AESTHETIC APPEALThe overall look of a car is sometimes enough to sell a buyer on purchasing a certain vehicle. Thusly, the design of the vehicles exterior is a major relate in the designing of a vehicle. The curves of a car are what define it and prevail it its personality. A vehicle with personality is appealing to the consumer, and they are sometimes able to identify with the vehicle. Many people would consider their vehicle to be an extension of themselves. People judge one another by what kind of car they jab and even recognize each other as they travel. A persons vehicle can tell an entire story about its owner. Therefore, it is nearly unnecessary to narrate that the exterior styling of an automobile is of paramount importance because nobody wants a vehicle that is going to reflect poorly upon them and their lifestyle.Concept cars usually feature aggressive lines and bluff design features. Why is it then that if all the cars on the road were once a concept are there relatively few aggressively styled vehicles on the road? The answer is simple the manufacturers of the automobiles must get the most value out of their designs, and that involves toning down the designs outrageous factors in many cases. The aggressive and bold lines are attractive, however, and demand attention from the heads o f companies. The sad truth is that sometimes the extreme designs are simply infeasible due to another section to be later discussed, compatibility with ongoing configurations at the plant that builds the vehicles. However, innovations in design must occur at some rate because if progression stops, so does the automotive effort.Progression is the force that keeps the world moving. Companies make slight changes to their vehicles annually, and every so often, a completely new vehicle on a completely new framework can be introduced into the market. New cars often share the chassis of a similar car to avoid the need to create a new frame for the car. When a association finally does introduce a radical new vehicle into the market, the manufacturers must have made sure that the redactment was worth it, because the vehicle could be a complete failure in the rough and tough world of commerce. Style is not an objective concept. Different people from varying backgrounds have differing opin ions about what looks good. The artists intricate in styling the vehicles exterior must take into account the target audience of the product.Before production, they must implant their idea of style into the publics mind to take whole tone of the reactions, usually done at auto shows. There are, for example, several styles of trucks big and sinewy trucks, small and sporty trucks, and family-oriented trucks. Obviously, a family with young children would not find the styling of the large, tall, powerful truck to be appealing because their children would not be able to enjoy fully their investment of an automobile, which is more than apparent unsatisfactory.ERGONOMICS OF THE INTERIORThe interior of a vehicle is however as important in the design of an automobile as the exterior styling of the vehicle. Many times, a test remove will flip away customers. If the consumers do not like to be in the vehicle, they are far less likely to purchase the vehicle than if the interior is pleas ing. Many drivers like to have a full range of features at their disposal, musical composition others like to keep their dashboards as free of clutter as possible. Design engineers keep this in mind when developing the interior of their creations.Cheaper cars tend to have far fewer luxurious devices, while the more expensive vehicles have gadgets galore. This is most likely because it is the gadgets that step-up the price, making a costly car what it is-expensive. To keep the market moving forward, as it must, new car parts need to be invented annually and implement either in concept vehicles or in reincarnations of old vehicles.Comfortable seats are a necessity in a vehicle. In a car, the seats must be adjustable to accommodate the differently sized people who use them, because it is unfair to discriminate against either short or tall people. In trucks, designers have been paying attention to this as well, and have developed power foot pedals since the seat in a truck is often n onadjustable. There is an entire science dedicated to creating comfortable seats. Companies pour hundreds of thousands of dollars into designing and producing comfortable chairs for automobiles.Therefore, there are numerous products on sale across the world claiming to give the most comfortable trip possible. They range from gel pads to masterfully designed and engineered pads built into the seat. In mathematics, the letter r is used to represent confidence in an arithmetical estimation. Through extensive research, engineers have developed formulas to measure comfort. They have experimented and have found r to be as high as .638 when they asked ii questions of a subject Does this provide lower back support? Is this chair comfortable? Researchers believe that lower back support is the key to extreme comfort. extort should be evenly distributed and not focused on any particular region. No pressure should be put on the sciatic nerve, or uncomfortableness will surely ensue.This press ure is diverted to other areas by the clever usage of curves in the chair and padding. This diversion also nullifys blocked blood flow, going away the user comfortable. However, simply designing a rigid yet ideal structure for the seat in an automobile is not enough, because people are naturally disproportionate to one another. Active comfort systems are being designed to conform to each person individually, rather than prospect a standard in which everyone should fit. 5ELECTRONICS SYSTEMAccording to Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW), the electronics system accounts for more than 30% of the overall design cost for a new vehicle6. Currently, the mechanical design of automobiles is the core, but it is predicted that the electronic components will become the nucleus, and mechanical innovations will grow fewer and fewer. Some future electronic innovations projected to arrive in the automotive market are more complex power train management systems, Electronic Control Units (ECU) that cont rol dashboard displays, and the ability to communicate wirelessly with other vehicles and road signs. Designers must take extreme care in designing such electricalal systems because the more complex a system is the more room for error exists.Power and drive train and management systems currently exist and manufacturers commonly implement them. Traction control and limited slip differentials are excellent examples of such systems. In the future, ignition control systems will be used to create more efficiency in the ignition process. An ECU will be used to regulate the amount of fuel injected into the engines cylinders. This will assist in fuel economy because no fuel will be wasted, and will increase the power of the engine. There will be systems to utilize more effectively the weight distribution of the vehicle in steering and braking. Automotive corporations are developing more intricate and advanced systems to contribute the power to the wheels that permit absolutely no loss of grip during acceleration or braking.Dashboard controls have an effect on the overall effectiveness of the gauges in a vehicle. If a device could cull what gauges were relevant, more gauges would with less clutter than the typical dash of today, provided the gauges are displayed digitally. The coding necessary for such an electronic display would likely exceed 45,000 lines and take more than 262,800 man-hours to develop fully. Such an effort would probably need millions of dollars in financial backing, and currently nobody has been willing to invest so much money in something that would probably not gain as much as it costs.According to OSEK (In English, Open Systems and the Corresponding Interfaces for Automotive Electronics), vehicle manufacturers traditionally focus on production cost rather than on development cost-the sensors and the actuators, along with the bare ECU, represent almost the entire cost for electronics in the car. However, although software does not have a prod uction cost, it is not for free The software development costs are skyrocketing today, they are about twice as much as the development costs for hardware.New technologies such as bluetooth will allow vehicles to interact with both people and their electronic objects. For instance, a cellular peal is inserted into a jack in a vehicle. The vehicle downloads the phones data such as addresses, phone numbers, and other information. The cars own speakers deliver any phone calls that come through the line, and this allows the drivers hands to remain free while they talk on the phone. This technology exists, and is readily available. Design engineers are always keeping up with the times, and realize that cellular phones are now of utmost importance to many people. Possible future technologies will allow vehicles to communicate with one another and will assist in stop and go traffic. Perhaps an adaptive cruise control will be designed that monitors traffic and can alter its setting on the f ly, allowing greater functionality of the cruise control unit.Bad electrical design can lead to exceedingly dangerous situations. Design engineers have finally completed the human mid has its limitations and cannot process an infinite amount of information at one time. Having to fumble around to find the right button to change the intercommunicate station is not only dangerous, it is annoying. BMW has integrated stereo systems into its steering wheel, and is interested in x-by-wire technology. It will remove the mechanical linkages in the steering wheel, brake system, and change mechanisms, creating new phrases like steer-by-wire, brake-by-wire, and shift-by-wire. They think that the steering wheel will only turn 160. This will allow for vastly enhanced maneuverability in parking and other situations7.General Motors has also shown great interest in the x-by-wire technology and debuted its Autonomy in late 2002, a vehicle that is essentially a flat board attached to wheels. While they have created a drivable version, they admit that the technology to actually produce such a vehicle is still years in the working. They will surely verify the electrical integrity of the x-by-wire electrical system before allowing it to be released into the market, or else they risk endangering citizens and being sued. One new safety feature already available is the highroad departure system from Siemens VDO Automotive. Upon the vehicle changing lanes without signaling, it will beep, informing the driver of the unintentional lane change. This will be monumental in the field of driving safety and is made possible by the electrical engineers who work on such projects. execution of instrument DESIGNAutomotive designers must take into account the mechanical design of their vehicles. They must decide whether to use an existing frame for the vehicle or design a new one from scratch. If they do decide to design a totally new vehicle, they must decide at what caliber performance the ve hicle will be created. The specific needs of the vehicle to be created decide what performance features will be implemented in the vehicle. An offroad vehicle will likely require an active suspension and four-wheel drive, among other things.A sports car should have rack and pinion steering and an aerodynamic body to create downforce and reduce drag and should be lightweight to allow for high-speed maneuvering. New technologies in performance engineering are always developing. Vehicles are becoming more well rounded and are suiting many needs. For example, a truck can now be used to haul freight or haul a family of five. In the past, trucks were meant only to drive offroad and carry cargo. Still, there is the need for specific performance standards in vehicles.Horsepower reigned king in the day of the muscle car, but now new technologies in gearing and energy transmission allow less horsepower to do more work toward the ultimate goal of propellant a vehicle into motion. It is incont rovertible that the engine is one of the most vital components of any automobile. The transmission is able to harness more of the engines power with our new, advanced technology. Nowa long time, greater measures have been taken in engineering safety measures, allowing vehicles to travel faster while increasing previous safety standards. A smaller vehicle does not necessitate a large engine being installed. However, what may be a vivacious engine for a lightweight vehicle may prove to be a sluggish one for larger vehicles such as trucks and some sports cars.Many new engine types are being developed. There have been diesel powered engines for a long period, and they get slightly improve fuel efficiency over their gasoline counterparts. In recent years, engineers have been button hybrid electric-fuel engines. The Honda Insight is likely the most well received hybrid vehicle. It boasts sixty mile per gallon on the city streets and sixty-six on the highway. It has an electric engine tha t uses regenerative braking to recharge itself, allowing for the vast improvements in gas mileage. The Insight is an excellent model for engineers to follow, as everything related to it is state of the art8. Also introduced recently is the hydrogen motor. It is just as promising as the hybrid motor, and one day it will probably replace the outdated, fossil-fuel burning engines.Lightweight materials such as fiberglass are making it possible for the automotive industry to make large cars lightweight. The Chevrolet Corvette is a prime example of fiberglass body panels. As stated earlier in this paper, lightweight vehicles are more efficient and can lead to higher performance levels.Advances in suspension are evident in recent past. freelance suspensions have been installed in many Ford vehicles. The independent suspension system allows each half of an axle to be affected by the road free of its counterpart. With each wheel acting freely, the vehicle rides much more smoothly. Engineers must consider what type of terrain on which their vehicle is intended to be driven. They must exceed these expectations as they need their vehicle to be able to stand up to more than is expected and repeat customers will exist. Going beyond what is expected is something most automotive and design engineers take great pride in.CONCLUSIONThe vehicle type is of utmost importance in the automotive design process. People do not wish to drive a two-person vehicle if they need to take their family on vacation. Therefore, a suitable marketing scheme must also be derived.The price of the vehicle may attract or turn away some buyers. The price should not be set too high if the order wishes for the vehicle to be its marquee attraction because most people do not have unlimited amounts of money to invest in a vehicle.In these days of soaring oil prices, the automotive design process is greatly affected by the fuel efficiency of a vehicle. Fuel is a precious good and the industry realizes that. Therefore, we are seeing an increase in the fuel economy of all vehicles.Cars must be attractive to be sold. Sometimes a company must make an audacious move in the field of styling, but they always weigh the chances of it flopping once it reaches the market. Bold styling is a necessity, however because of the key phrase to all industry-progression.The interior must be both electronically tuned and comfortable to be in. Safety is of great concern here, and airbags should be installed. There should be as low as possible of a chance of fire due to electrical failure, and electrical engineers are responsible for assuring this.All new vehicles must be able to perform well and travel along the roads without slowing down the rest of the traffic flow. Certain vehicles are designed to perform, while others are designed to be as simple as possible while still meeting all standards and codes set by the government.The automobile industry is a vastly complex and ever changing one. New technolo gies are being developed constantly that can change the industrys outlook on the future. It is genuine that any industry cannot survive if it does not continually progress and adapt to the changing markets and desires of its patrons. New software is developed to more accurately model and strike situations that will occur in automobiles. Technologies in this field have become so advanced that the need for real-world prototyping is almost eliminated.Now, the prototypes are merely displays for the public to commence a glimpse of the future of transportation all the real work is done virtually. From wind tunnels to test tracks, the automotive design process is one that encompasses many varying disciplines and each field must work together to create a final product that is desirable, functional, efficient, and aesthetically pleasing to its consumers.

Constantine vs Ashoka

Tamika Wright Constantine vs. Ashoka World Civilization Jackson State University Dr. Susan S Maneck When reviewing the histories of the religions of Christianity and Buddhism, you can not help exactly come across the names of Ashoka and Constantine the Great. Even though Ashoka and Constantine aided in the spread of their empires and respective religions they had different reasons for doing so. Constantine, the son of a Roman Army officer was trained as a solider early on in his life. While he was growing up the role of emperor moth changed hands many times.Until and Roman general name Diocletian seized the thr oneness During the leadership of Diocletian, he made a reform where he appointed Maximian, as a co emperor and two others co-rulers who became known as the Caesares. One of the Casesares was Constantius, Constantine the Greats father, to a section of the empire that he divided into four territories. The rules of this new division of land came to be called the Tertiary. With t his new older of place, the Roman Empire became enduring again. Although many years had passed since Diocletian came to rein, he still had one problem that he had not dealt with.He somewhat despised that Christian population of the empire because they would not devotion that Roman Emperor as a divine figure. This was a major issue for Diocletian because the Christian population had been steadily growing and if they started to outnumber those who worshipped the emperor as a godly figure then that would put a damper on the Tertiarys leadership. Also, the Christians would not declare their loyalty to the introduce through sacrifices, taxation or imperial service. To fix this dilemma, Diocletian proclaimed that any person that worshipped the Christian faith was an enemy of state.He ordered his subordinates to persecute bishops and priests attempt to compel the Christians to become loyal to him. Many Christians stood their grounds, refusing to surrender regardless the ruthless acts of Diocletian and his subordinates. This battle went on until Diocletian died. Soon after the death of Diocletian, Constantius followed thereafter. Because he had become a skilled fighter, the soldiers under Constantiuss rule a contendded Constantine the role of their new leader. Constantine lead them to many victories, one in particular, the battle of Milan Bridge.After the battle of Milan Bridges, there was only one enemy left name Licinius. Because of Constantiness victory against Maxenius at the Battle of Milan Bridge, Licinius decided to accept Constantine as authority and ended the long fought war. The only liaison left for Constantine to deal with was the Christian population of his empire. My opinion is that he basically said you cannot beat them join them. According to an artivle I found, In 313, Constantine releases an edict for Milan that shock the Roman world, The Edict of Milan stipulated that henceforth, all religions, including Christianity, would be tolerated by Ro man authorities. By doing this, Constantine put himself in a position where he was well desired by the majority of the population. True enough they would not worship him as a god but by accepting their beliefs it gave him another type of power. It was basically like the saying you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. Constantine stopped the killing of Christians started by previous leadership, which made the Christian community grateful. This in addition put them in Constantines corner. So from then on, they mostly agreed with anything he wanted to do.He built on the organization of the empire government by mimicking the chain of power in the Christian leadership. He also assigned some of the positions of leadership in the empire to bishops and priests of the Christian Religion because they already understood how to lead and how eventful a chain of command is to a thriving culture. By doing this would also increase his political control. He exempted the Bishops and many of the churches from imperial taxation. He also pushed the Christian community to come up with one centralized idea of what a Christian is and rules they should live by.Now Ashoka on the other hand, unlike Constantine The Great, did not agree with war at all. He saw war as a waste of time and resources. According to his own accounts, Ashoka conquered the Kalinga country in the eighth year of his reign. The sufferings that the war inflicted on the defeated people moved him to such remorse that he renounced armed conquests. It was at this time that he came in touch with Buddhism and adopted it. infra its influences and prompted by his own dynamic temperament, he resolved to live according to and preach the dharma. Ashoka used his power as ruler to spread the teachings of Buddhism by denomination of mouth. He also wrote some of them down. In my view or opinion, Ashoka was very sincere when it came to the acceptance and spread of the Buddhism religion. He did not necessarily want the power, but he used it in a way that bettered the people he was appointed to control. Ashoka Repeatedly declared that he understood dharma to be the energetic practice, of the sociomoral virtues of honestly, truthfulness, compassion.Mercifulness, benevolence, thoughtful behavior toward all, little sin and many good deeds, nonextravagance, nonaxquistiveness, and noninjury to animals. He spoke of no particular mode of religious creed or worship, nor of any philosophic doctrines, He spoke of Buddhism only to his coreligionists and not to others. Like Constantine, Ashoka used the priests and highly appointed people to help him build the empire and the spread of the religion. They both also aiding in the building of hospitals and roads.Ashoka was well liked and remembered because of his leadership and his many writings like the quote All men are my children. As for my own children I desire that they may be provided with all the welfare and happiness of the worlds and of the next, s o do I desire for all men as well. In conclusive resolution, Ashoka and Constantine are very much similar in which they are very strong leaders who were typically well liked by the people they ruled, their empires thrived with the ripening of the religion but in some ways they differ like I believe that Ashoka was more sincere in his belief in Buddhism.Whereas, Constantine I think used the Christian religion to advance his position of power. By tolerating Christianity, he gained the trust of the majority of the population of his empire. So this made them, the people who near Christianity like him. There for in a way they still did what he wanted them to do without technically forcing them to do it. It like when you ask someone to do something rather than forcing them or demanding them they are more likely to do what you asked. 1

Compare and Contrast Karl Marx’s and Walt Rostow’s Theories

This es utter attempts to compargon and contrast Karl Marxs and Walt Rostows theories of st be ons of social and economic learning. A theory is an interconnected, logical system of concepts that provides a framework for organising and spirit observations. The function of a theory is to allow us to understand and predict the behaviour of some aspect of the world (Miller, 1993). However, each theory of development presents a different view of how and why of society growth and change. Each theory is useful though no superstar theory explains everything.While Karl Marx had a different depression in regard to the stages of social and economic development it can also be noted that Rostow had a different perception on the theory. The Marxian stage theory tradition is intimately linked to turning points in the historical process of capital accumulation. These turning points mark the inauguration of a period of relatively primary reproduction of capitalist social relations or, symmetric ally, the beginning of a period of stagnation and crisis. Traditional/Primitive Communism This stage was characterized by societies without a categorise.Most great deal in these societies were subsistence farmers and concentrated on their own individual survival. Marx and Friedrich (1983), explain that, the productive forces were hardly developed at all and property was held in common in this stage. During this period, land was vast and population was small. People lived as individuals and tried to fend for themselves regardless of whom or what was around them. A traditional tribal structure was the tell apart of the day while the Means of Production was in a pre or early stage.The replacement of this stage of production came about by the gradual summation in population, growth of wants and extension of external relations such as war and trade (Marx & Friedrich, 1983). According to Marx (1993), the growing independence of the individual within the partnership meant that it was not possible for the traditional stage to survive. Ancient Stage in the ancient mode of production material bodyes were prevalent. The ruling class controlled the surplus and, therefore, controlled the glower class (Marx, 1993).In this stage, slavery was the most predominant materialisation of class struggle as the coercion and restraintof the lower class was very direct (Laibman, 2006). The ruling class physically own the lower class and slaves had little to no motivation to advance the productive forces by increasing their labour productivity. The ancient stage was economically supported by agriculture and the discovery of trade. During this stage there were the introduction of a new technology which mainly involved the use of animals (horses, cows and ox) and the development of two ways farming. This mode of production can be identified within Ancient Greek and Roman Empires.In Africa, this act could be identified with the dandy Ghanaian Empire and the Great Egyptian Kingdom (time of the pharaohs). Feudalism Feudalism brought about the collapse of most cultures and the rise of Capitalism, Barbarism and other socio-economic characteristics which emerged as a result of wealth amassing. This wealth amassing was in the form of property. The feudalism age was characterised by the possession of land. Furthermore, there was the possession of gracious beings as peasants who worked on these lands (Marx & Friedrich, 1983).Feudalism is the age that has shaped Economic Development to this day. Therefore, it can be clearly seen that over generations these classes maintain their status and serve as leaders of the land, thereby, controlling the land which is owned by the peasants. Bourgeois The development of governments and education were the driving force of the parsimoniousness and resulted in an increment of Capitalism which took its pedigrees from the division of labour created in a mean to meet rising chooses and improve production.Capitalism is the current stage of production. According to Shimp (2009), bourgeois stage is dominated by private property and markets. Businesses own machines, buildings and tools which are use to produce different items that can be sold in markets to make a profit. According to Marx (1993), capitalism increasingly divides people into two groups. In a capitalist economic system, the means of production (anything used to produce goods, like factories, machines, and land) are privately owned by the bourgeoisie, or capitalist class.The capitalist lower class is coerced into working for the capitalist ruling class. Even though members of the lower class have their choice of which employers to conduct their labour to, the fact remains that they sell their labour to survive (Marx & Friedrich, 1983). The Rostovian take-off model (also called Rostows Stages of Growth) is one of the major historical models of economic growth. The model postulates that economic modernization occurs in five primary stages, of vari able length.Traditional society, Preconditions for take-off, Take-off, Drive to maturity, Age of High mass consumption. Rostow asserts that countries go through each of these stages fairly linearly, and set out a number of conditions that were likely to occur in coronation, consumption and social trends at each state. Traditional society is one whose structure is developed within limited production functions, based on Pre-Newtonian erudition and technology, and on Pre-Newtonian attitudes towards the physical world (Chang, 2003).This stage is characterized by subsistence agriculture or hunting & gathering almost wholly a primary sector economy limited technology a static or rigid society lack of class or individual economic mobility, with stability prioritized and change seen negatively.Pre-conditions to take-off External demand for raw materials initiates economic change development of more productive, commercial agriculture & cash crops not consumed by producers and/or largely e xported widespread and enhanced investment in changes to the physical environment to expand production (i.e. irrigation, canals, ports) increasing spread of technology & advances in existing technologies changing social structure, with previous social residual now in flux individual social mobility begins development of national identity and shared economic interests Take off The take-off is the interval when the old blocks and resistances to sozzled growth are finally overcome.The forces making for economic progress, which yielded limited bursts and enclaves of modern activity, expand and come to dominate the society. Growth becomes its normal condition. Compound interest becomes built, as it were, into its habits and institutional structure (Chang, 2003, p. 7). Manufacturing begins to rationalize and scale increases in a few leading industries, as goods are made both for export and domestic consumption the secondary (goods-producing) sector expands and ratio of secondary vs. pr imary sectors in the economy shifts quickly towards secondary textiles & apparel are usually the first take-off industry, as happened in Great Britains classic Industrial Revolution Drive to maturity is that stage when a society has effectively applied the range of (then) modern technology to the wad of its resources (Chang, 2003, p. 59).Diversification of the industrial base multiple industries expand & newones take root quickly manufacturing shifts from investment- fightn (capital goods) towards consumer durables & domestic consumption rapid development of transportation base of operations large-scale investment in social infrastructure (schools, universities, hospitals, etc. ) Age of mass consumption the industrial base dominates the economy the primary sector is of greatly diminished weight in economy & society widespread and normative consumption of high-value consumer goods (e. g.automobiles) consumers typically (if not universally), have disposable income, beyond all basic needs, for additional goods Rostows theory is limited in many ways it is considered too generalised and only applicable to western countries.It works on the assumption that bills are effectively put into investment projects. If financial institutions are not effective this lead not take place. From this failure the next assumption will not occur. The government should develop an infrastructure, to develop roads, ports, hospital and schools, if this does not occur take-off will not take place.(Rostow, 1960).The model de-emphasizes differences amidst sectors in capitalistic vs. communist societies, just now seems to innately recognize that modernization can be achieved in different ways in different types of economies. There are certain similarities between Rostows stages of growth compend and the Marxian analysis of the historical evolution of an economy. They are both audacious attempts to interpret how whole societies evolve from primarily an economic perspective.Both accept t he human being race of group and class interests in the political and social process, linked to interests of economic advantage and both accept the fact that economic change has social, political and heathen consequences. In terms of economic technique, both are based on sectoral analysis of growth process, although Marx confined himself to consumption goods and capital goods sectors, while the stages of growth are rooted in a more disaggregated analysis of leading sectors which flows from a dynamic theory of production. Both the theories would pose, in the end, the goal of true affluence for human society.From other view points, however, there are fundamental differences. The most fundamental difference between the two analyses relates to the view taken regarding human motivation. Marx interpreted human behaviour only in economic terms. According to Marx profit-maximisation is the only dominant motive of man in his economic activities. Rostows stages of growth analysis are no do ubt an economic way of looking at whole societies, yet they do not ignore the non-economic influences. Man is viewed as a complex building block and therefore subject to a number of social, political, cultural and emotional influences (Rostow, 1960).Marx considers the behaviour of societies as determined by economic considerations. Rostows analysis does not accept that view. In Rostows (1960) view, cultural, social and political forces also influence the performance of societies. Even economic performance is conditioned by the above forces. A contrast between Rostows analysis of post-traditional and Marxs post-feudal phasecapitalismis also worth noting. Marx held that the decisions of capitalist societies are made simply in terms of the free-market mechanism and private advantage. Marxian analysis fails to explain the emergence of a welfare state.However, Rostows analysis of the breakdown of traditional societies is based on convergence of motives of private profit in the modern se ctors with a new signified of affronted nationhood (Rostow, 1960). According to Marxian analysis, history moves forward by the clash of conflicting interests and outlooks. According to Rostow, however, the outcome of conflict in a regularly growing society is likely to be governed by ultimate consideration of communal continuity. Marxs analysis of history was based only on the experience of British take-off and drive to maturity.At that time, no other country had reached the take-off stage. By generalizing the British case Marx missed the variety of experience in the evolution of different societies. This makes the Marxian historical sequence unduly rigid and artificial. According to G. M. Meier, Rostows analysis can claim to be a superior alternative to the Marxian sequence. Rostows stage theory helps us to isolate the strategic factors that distinguish the necessary and sufficient conditions for determining the transition of an economy from a preceding, stage to a succeeding st age.Cairncross holds that, Rostow, like, Marx, adopts a stage onward motion to history. But he has failed to intend how the major variables in social and economic developments operate in different situations. Cairncross says, Rostow is perhaps too anxious like Marx to dramatize history not still to make it dramatic and give it meaning but to reduce it to a set pattern, to compare the texture of events into too narrow a framework of logic,An approach to history in these terms may make good drama or supply the element of myth required for a popular pronunciamento but itdoes not make good theory or, for that matter, good history. Again in the opinion of Cairncross, one of the greatest weaknesses of stage approach to history is that it provokes but it cannot answer the question what comes next. The engine of growth in the Marxist system is assumed to break down completely when capitalism fulfils its destiny Marx has nothing to say about the laws of motion of a post-capitalist socie ty. In Rostows exposition, the last but presumably no the final stage is an era of high mass consumption.Although he brood on what lies beyond affluence he cannot tells us what stages have yet to come? Vaclav Holesovsky holds that Marxs classification of history is-only an approximation to the reality and the measuring rod is a single variablethe varying form in which the surplus is appropriated from the producers. This is not the case with Rostow. He has adopted a symptomatic approach and describes features of a society at various stages of development.

Life Stressors Essay

Many daily hassles have contributed to a certain level of stress in our lives. For life to continue or achieve the set objectives, then the hassle must be there, no way we can subjugate them. If we can not avoid these hassles, then we can manage then responsively for our well being and sound health. Examples of the daily hassles argon regrets over ancient decisions, m whizzy worries or concerns and not enough time for family, relaxation or entertainment (Coon & Mitterer167). The pressures and demands that cause stress are called stressors.There are so umpteen life stressors including, death of a close family member for instance the mother, divorce, bad health or a changing behavior of a family member. There are various symptoms that are visible to enable recognize that he or she undergoing stress. Stress causes mental, physical and emotional duress. To get a handle in stress, one needs first to learn how to recognize it. Incase of these daily hassles, a person needs to get used t o then and prepare his/her psyche that without them there may be no tomorrow.If a person develops this mentality that the hassles are normal his /her conscious will not be bothering about the hassles. Incase of money, the loaded who have the money are not satisfied, therefore a plan i. e. the budget in using the little money can save a person too much stress. The issue with lack of time to relax or be with family can solely be solved by redeeming(prenominal) management of time resource and strictly adhere to the timetable or schedules. Issues of the past can easily be avoided by getting occupied actively in the wok place and or focusing in the future (Zautra. 93).Stressors are the hardest to cope with but one must be occupied with no time to sit idle, talk to as many people as possible including counselors, pastors, close friends, workmates, and family members. To crown all these, physical exercises are commendable to any kind of stressor or stress (Cohen57).Works Cited Coon, Den nis & Mitterer, John, O. Introduction to Psychology Gateways to Mind and Behavior. vernal York Wadsworth Publishing, 2003. Cohen, S. Measuring Stress A Guide for Health and Social Scientists. New York Oxford University Press, 1997. Zautra, A. Emotions, Stress and Health. New York Oxford University Press, 2003.

Patient Record Management System

CHAPTER I The Problem and Its Setting This chapter presents the background of the learn, the statement of the problem, the assumptions made in accordance with the design of the project, the range of mountains and delimitation, the significance of the study, the research design and methodology, and the definition of terms used in the study. Background of the Study There guide been major progresses in the Information applied science for the past twenty (20) years especially in the field of Medicine.The vast development of technology is the evident in hospitals in some other countries as they urinate developed and implemented different forms of Patient Record vigilance System making practitioners and health professionals work easier than the manual way of gathering patients record that the hospitals had before. In Philippines, only a few hospitals (Saint Lukes Medical Center, Makati Medical City and Asian Hospital and Medical Center) have implemented a robustly Electronic Medi cal Record which includes all inpatient and outpatient healthc are cultivation.The goal of the hospital is to share breeding with all the national hospitals and public healthcare facilities and at present they can share data with one branch of the hospital. Some hospitals still use the manual method which is time and energy consuming entirely wherefore it is that only few hospitals in the Philippines, being a newly industrialized country may have a factor on why implementing a PRMS is impossible. The possible reasons could be insufficient funds, lack of technical expertise and computer skills and the lack of data processing facilities.In addition, the resistance of checkup examination practitioners and health professionals mainly to change from manual to electronic documentation may be a problem. Most health administrators and information managers are used to the old system and have this fear that it may take time to change or at least modify some behaviour and attitudes. The reason for wanting to change to an electronic system is important. Most health administrators and information managers expect to move from a paper to paper little environment. This is a major step to help health institutions and the environment at the same time.By having an electronic system, practitioners could improve the accuracy and quality of data recorded in a health record, enhance practitioners access to a patients record, enabling it to be shared at present and also for the future use, it could also improve the quality of care because of health information that a patient need can be immediately available all the time. At present, people rely on the information from what is electronically made since it can well be muckleed. In the modern world, communication is vital within our lifestyle.With the advent of information and communication provided within a medical institution, practitioners together with their patients within the neighbourhood of Baguio may use the informati on easily to increase good organization. Patient Record Management System may provide both useful information with the Doctor and Patient alike, providing and improving easy Doctor-Patient communication. In the advancement of technology, electronic medical records are now growing more popularity today. As stated in the definition on wikipedia. rg about Electronic Medical Records, these are a computerized medical record that is created in an organization that can deliver care much(prenominal) as hospital or physicians office. Electronic medical records are intended to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allow storage, retrieval and modification of records (retrieved from Wikipedia. com, November 2011. en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ Electronic_health_record. Article form http//www. providersedge. com/ehdocs/ehr _articles/Electronic_Patient_Records-EMRs_and_EHRs. pdf).These are medical records of patients that are encoded into the computer system of an organizati on for the information dissemination of medical practitioners in a particular organization such as hospitals, clinics and the like. In the global scenario, in an article by Steenhuysen J. (March 2009), the United States has less than 2 percent of U. S. hospitals that have completely accepted a fully functional electronic medical records. With U. S. President Barrack Obama has made electronic medical records a central piece of his plan to cut costs out of U.S. healthcare system that consistently ranks lower in quality measures than other rich countries. The U. S. President also allotted $19 billion to push into the increase the use of information technology in healthcare. The numbers of without electronic medical records are relatively high compared to those organizations that have adopted Electronic Medical Records. Starfield, B. (1991) postulates that Primary Care in the United States is critical to the provision of giving excellent medical care.From the research in the year 1996, the Institute of Medicine report defined primary care as the provision of integrated, accessible health care run by clinicians accountable for addressing most personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. These makes more people to rule primary care than in other clinics. These clinics have adopted the innovations of information technology giving more value to the primary care in other clinics.These clinics have adopted the innovations on information technology giving more value to the primary care of their patients. Thus obviously electronic medical records in the clinic are to be present for the ease of accessibility, storage, retrieval and modification of medical records. However, in a smaller scale of health care system. Where Everyone, being succeptible to illness needs to prioritize on prevention in odres to additional expenses on health care. This visiting the doctors clinic today is the most effecient and inexpensivr way to prevent diseases. Offering confused diagnosis, vaccinations and maintenance drugs.With todays population, more patients visit the doctors clinic and health records management poses as the most time consuming activity. As keeping numerous pages on file cases and peeping this file cases one by one when a patient arrives eats most of the time that could have spent treating another patient. With all of the mentioned cases which inpact the number of patients diagnosed per day. The researchers concur to conduct a study for Dr. Nelia Bacays clinic at SLU hospital of the Sacred Heart, annex. The researchers will try to find ways and practices to lighten up workload and sully time consumed by developing a system.Statement of the Problem The main objective of the study is to design a Patient Record Management System for Dr. Nelia Bacay in which seeks to answer the following questions 1. What processes are involved within the practitioners medical rec ords of their patients? 2. What difficulties are encountered regarding the processes involved with the medical records? 3. What features regarding the medical records should be incorporated with the proposed Patient Record Management for Dr. Renato Manalo to their current system? Objective of the StudyThe main objective of the study is to design a Patient Records Management System for Dr. Nelia Bacay that shall lighten up workload and derogate time consumed on operation. The researchers intend to achieve the following 1. To identify the current standard operating procedure in diagnosing patients. 2. To enumerate and discuss the most tiny consuming fact in the process. 3. To design a Patient Record Management that facilitates a quick and easy way to access and view patients profile. Significance of the Study This study is important in terms of advantages or benefits that would be gained by the following entitiesTo the Practitioners The Practitioners will have the main importance of the study because of its increased number of patients and services rendered. More patients are inclined to avail of medical services. This also makes the communication between co-doctors of the same field. To the patients The best advantage of having a Patient Record Management System is for them to have an ease to research about the Doctors profile and their accessibility through the use of PRMS. Just by a series of clicks and filling out necessary information, an appointment can be made.To the Researchers The development of a PRMS makes the researchers to be more aware and knowledgeable of the future trim back in information and technology specifically on Medical Informatics. Furthermore, by developing a system, programming skills of the researchers are improved. To future researchers This study can be a reference and guide to other researchers who aim to develop a Patient Record Management System in the future that can be applied to other fields of interest such as hotels, resta urants, shops and alsp other fields of medical profession. Scope and Delimitation of the StudyIn improving the quality of services in an organization or establishment, we make look into other options such as hiring new personnel to increase work capacity, or procuring equipmentto lessen work and valet de chambre error, or to create a more stable and reliable system may it be manual or computer oriented. In solving this matter, we could pack in the combination of the available options within our grasp. To further optimize the production in our establishment, the company could combine the options of having new equipment and creating a new system or updating the existing one.In putting these two options together, it will provide a more stable, reliable and efficient system to be used in workaday transactions. Our project aims to proceed in updating the pre-existing system in the establishment. Changing the format from a manual type to a computer oriented information system. Reconfig uring the old system aims that customers and employees have a more convenient. With the project be finished, the company will have a smoother flow of work, decrease human error, improved time in finishing certain processes and as a total, a very significant increase in productivity and creating a reliable Patient Record System.

Miranda Warnings

Police officers give the Miranda warnings right after maintaining criminal odds. The warnings contain sure privilege to protect individual from self incrimination. Officers usually tell suspects the following statements You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say substructure and will be use against you in a court of law. You have the right to talk to a lawyer and have him present with you during questioning. If you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be appointed to represent you, if you wish. The purpose of Miranda is to stabilize the suspects psychological condition and make him reasonable when dealing with police.Usually police are required to give Miranda warnings to a suspect who is the focus of an investigation where he will be taken into custody and interrogated. Custody is a formal arrest that places a suspect in an intimidating environment and his freedom is restricted. The location where the suspect is questioned is an important factor for Miranda warnings sinc e not all places are hostile or coercive. Some events that justify custody include questioning suspects at the police station (brought in handcuffed), in a police vehicle (locked up in the back seat with a screen), at the crime scene (when an officer is about to make an arrest), or even at his home (awakened in the give hours of the morning or handcuffed).Furthermore, a home can be deemed custodial if police aggressively barged in to get or question the suspect. When subjected to interrogation, a suspect is given the Miranda warning since the nature of questioning is persuasive to obtain a confession or admission. There are two types of interrogations covered by Miranda questions that can elicit an incriminating response like Why did you kill him? and direct questioning such as asking a suspect to write shoot down what happened. As a general rule, however, if the suspect invokes his Miranda rights, all questioning must stop. Overall, Miranda warnings are required every time there is custodial interrogation.ReferenceNolo Your ratified Companion. (2007). Police Questioning When Miranda Warnings Are Required. Criminal Law Search, Seizure, and Interrogations. Retrieved February 12, 2007Stuart, G. L. (2004). Miranda The Story Of Americas Right To Remain Silent. University of Arizona Press, Tucs

Assessment of Health Perception Essay

In the Assessment of Health Perception, Spirituality and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Within a snobbish College Cohort, Sandra Ramey delved deep into the heart of cardiovascular disease perception, status, and risk factors among college students. It discussed in detail the causes of cardiovascular disease in a college environment. Ramey alike discussed in this bind the possible solutions to the health problems.Throughout the article, Ramey used existing evidences, such as statistics and examples, in analyzing the situations faced by college students. It is written in a way that is easy to learn for college students to be aware of the increment problem involving them and the academe and some possible solutions to their problem. Furthermore, the article can also be a springboard for further research on college student health not exclusively on CVD but other health risks as well. Cardiovascular Disease Risk FactorsThe increased prevalence of several cardiova scular disease risk factors, specifically overweight and obesity, hypercholesterolemia and stress, among college students has gotten the attention of health practitioners crossways the country. These risk factors are attributed to many root factors that begin during childhood. The article discussed how these conditions worsen during college. It tries to identify how stress and ablaze health affect a students health condition, specifically eating patterns and behavior.Ramey suggested that knowing these factors advance can help diminish the development of chronic disease. Emotional Well-being and Spirituality Among the detriments to emotional eudaimonia and impediments to academic success identified by college students, as shown in the NAPNAPs Keep your children/yourself Safe and determine (KySS) campaign, are the following 1. stress 2. sleep difficulties 3. concern for family and friends and, 4. relationship difficulties. The KySS survey also showed that the top busy for both t eens and parents was how to cope with stressful things in their life (Ramey, 2005).Knowing this, Ramey continued to discuss current efforts to mark off the growing risk. One of the important findings that were discussed was the effects of uncannyity in perceiving emotional well-being (Ramey 2005). A arena on 2003 by the Higher Education Research Institute at the University of California was cited to have examined the spiritual life of college students and was showing positive results, including declining levels of emotional health problems in students. This means that spirituality can be used to help prevent further complications such as CVD.Conclusion Ramey provided a content-rich article that was well-researched and provided with statistical data and research findings. It is a good read for college students to be aware of CVD and the risk factors causing it. The article is also a good source of information for health practitioners for further research about the growing health r isk among college students.ReferencesRamey, S. L. (2005). Assessment of health perception, spirituality and prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors inwardly a private college cohort. Pediatric Nursing, May-June 2005

Marketing of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai Essay

For the in(predicate) completion of our report, we would like to express our deep gratitude to all the tribe who give us succor and advise. introductory and foremost, we atomic number 18 going to give our appreciation to Mr. Wang, the Assistant Sales Director of the quaternary chastens Hotel strike. He washed-out his personal time retorting our email to answer our questions and gave us a carry on of valuable knowledge and instructions which keep our report going in the the right room direction. Secondly, we would like to thank our trade lecturer, Miss Medico, she provided us with many useful resources and guidance at every stage of writing the report. Clearly, we cannot finish this report smoothly without her help. Last but not least, we would like to thank all our friends for their suggestions and inspiring. ContentsIntroductionNowadays, with the rapid study of the hospitality industry in strike, more than and more hotels atomic number 18 demanded and built that brings more fierce emulation to the hotels. Whether a hotel could capture marketplace sh ar, the most important thing for the hotel is marketing strategies. Correct marketing strategies could start out a hotel winning in the competition. Our report is written based on the research of the marketing actuality of tetrad Seasons Hotel impress and foc utilize on analysing its marketing strategies to study how it promotes its product and work. The report is divided into three sections. In the first section, we claim and give or so detailedbackground information about the hotel including its history, stage in the lifecycle and the product and go the hotel is offering. In the second section, we identify the hotels target market and analyse their characteristic. In the last section, the information about the promotional tools or marketing strategies which the hotel is using are given cerebrate some examples. After that, it is the findings and analysis of the tools or strategies a nd our own opinions.Background of quaternary Seasons Hotel snatchFour Seasons Hotel affect is invested by Shanghai industrial Holdings Limited Company and managed by a very famous hotel brand, Four Seasons Hotels & Resorts. It is ideally located in the heart of Shanghais downtown, adjacent to Nanjing Road and Huaihai Road which are famous as the personal line of credit, entertainment and shopping centers of Shanghai. It was built in October 2002. The internal and external design of the hotel is blend of Chinese and Western concepts to provide the guests special feelings. Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai has a total of 439 inhabit. All of them are comfortably, elaborately decorated and well-equipped with modern guest amenities. The food and beverage products feature Chinese, Japanese and Western style.thither are three restaurants, Si Ji Xuan, Shintaro and Steak House, offered three contrasting types food to satisfy all kinds of the guests ineluctably. In addition, Four Seasons Hot el Shanghai is well-known for many important unconstipatedts hold at that place cause the direful ball populates. health & Fitness Center is including an indoor heated Swimming Pool, Gym, Steam Room, Sauna and Massage. The hotel provide the guests all kinds of services dismantle some of them you cannot imagine For example, the hotel provide couple guests the couples service which is including offering silky pyjamas, mobic have it off stories on DVD and so on. Any personal manner, the hotel think of everything the guests may need and offer it before guests asking. Therefore, a lot of guests are attracted to stay Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai to have a unforgettable experience.The Lifecycle Stages of Four Seasons Hotel ShanghaiAs a modern city hotel, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai does not have a long history. hardly only for one decade developing, it has success high-pricedy acquired its a mount of fixed customer groups of business leaders, political leaders and super stars. It i s inseparable from the adaptable marketing strategies utilize during different lifecycle stages of the hotel. According to the research they did, there was few Chinese knew Four Seasons Hotels and resorts before Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai built cause that Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is the first Four Seasons Hotel in Chinese Mainland. So during initial developing stage, the primary tasks for its marketing are target market positioning and brand promoting which purpose to build reputation, create the right range of hotel and introduce the product and services to the target market.Through the extension in initial stage, a basic gross sales network are built and the hotel turns into growth stage. In this stage, the hotel increases spending on advertisement, sales promoting and macrocosm traffic to improve reputation, control and guest loyalty. Now, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is in Maturity stage due to the palmy accumulation of capital and customer groups in initial and growt h stages. The operations are on the right track the market occupancy and profit level are quite high and the product and services are competitive. Therefore, the current work for them are examineking more wide target market and property the guest loyalty already gained. target boodleetBy accurately positioning target market, the hotel could discontinue determine how many potential guests they have adjust their product and services to preferably satisfy guests needs and draft their marketing strategies appropriately.Data offered by Marketing Department of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai, 2012 According the data which shows the proportions of sextet different types guests offered by Mr. Wang, we create the pie chart above to enlighten the data intuitional. It shows that Four Seasons Hotel Shanghais main target market consists of corporate guests, convention guests, g all overnment guests and travelers in 2011.The special location of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is the biggest reason for that corporate guests are the first target market. It is located in the CBD where are full of the top 500 Global enterprises much(prenominal) as Exxon Mobil, Morgan Stanley and Pepsi. So there are many business leaders visiting this area. The second target market is convention guests who ever so look for the hotels have first-class meeting rooms with large space and various(a) modern meeting equipments. Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is scarcely the one can offer all the things they are looking. There are twelve meeting rooms separated into four different size to satisfy all kinds of guests needs.The owner of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai, Shanghai Industrial Holdings Limited Company, is established by Shanghai Government. As the most luxury hotel of its industries, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai are alship canal used for entertaining officials. So the government guests is a big part of target market. In addition, a lot of travelers particularly the leisure travelers select Four Se asons Hotel Shanghai for their stays in Shanghai. The various leisure and entertainment facilities such as Health & Fitness Center, Spa and Club, provide them with relaxed and comfortable experience. Moreover, the tremendous food and beverage product and service is another reason for their visit.The Promotion Mix of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai As a member of Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts which is one of the most famous and successful hotel groups all over the world, Four Season Hotel Shanghai concluded many effective and efficient marketing strategies to make itself survived from such a competitive condition.AdvertisingAdvertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for & usually ingratiatory in nature, about products (goods & services) or ideas by identified sponsor through various media. ( Arens, 2010) Publishing pamphlets and magazines desire other hotels, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai usually promotes its products and services by publishing pamphlets and magazines. The different kinds of magazines can debate different groups of readers. We just select the magazines which can reach our target markets to promote our products. Determining the way of advertizement based on the target markets makes the advertisement more effective and spending less. ( Wang, 2012) exactly pamphlets are used more astray than magazines in Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai. Because it can reach and promote more directly to the guests who even have lived in the hotel. For example, during Mid-Autumn Day, the hotel elaborately prepares all kinds of moon cakes for guests.While moon cakes are ready for selling, the Marketing Department designs a pamphlet for promoting the moon cakes and publish the pamphlets. Then the pamphlets appear to everywhere guests could reach. Guests can see it at reception when they are doing check-in or check-out they can see it on the bed when they arriving the room and on the table of restaurant when they are eating. How big the ef fects could be by promoting in this way Online advertisingNowadays, marketing and advertising have been much affected by technology. Online advertising exactly is a outcome of the effect. There are many types of online advertising such as ads on search locomotive pages, email advertising and banner advertising. Four Season Hotel Shanghai is using the search engine advertising now. The ads of Four Season Hotel Shanghai are delivered on the search results pages of BAIDU which is the biggest search engine in China.Therefore, when people searching some key words related to hotels in Shanghai or restaurants in Shanghai, the link of official website appears on the right side of the results pages. if people are interested and click the link, page will jump to the official website to make them could reserve the rooms or restaurants. The online advertising give outs much widely and costs lowly. And the effects of advertising can be gathered statistics.Public Relations Public relations i s the technique of communication favorable information about the operations to the public to create a positive degree impression. Its ultimate purpose is to create goodwill and increase the number of guests. (Jack D.Ninemeier, 2010) Public relations is a strategical communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics. ( PRSA, 2011) So the key to the success of your operation is creating good relations to the guests, local communities, governments and media. Communicating with public by InternetToday, hotels including Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai try to communicate with public by Internet. Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is using a way called WEIBO which is the most popular affectionate communication tool in China now. The functions of WEIBO are uploading words or pictures or videos to show some fresh informations about the hotel, such as the new promotions, new facilities or products, upcoming events and something else could imp rove reputation, image and guest loyalty. Whats more, the guests can leave comments to the hotel no matter if they are satisfied and the hotel can reply the comments. Thats an amazing way to communicate and interact with guests even cost nothing. Participate in public serviceParticipating in the social and sponsored public service is an opportunity to improve the social impingement and reputation of hotel and win the understanding and praise from the public. On April 28th 2011, to make a long-term committedness to global sustainability, the employees of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai began a tree-planting campaign to contribute to the companys 10 zillion Trees initiative. With the support of Children Health Foundation and Oriental Land, the Hotels tree-planting campaign fund will be donated to help Chinese children who suffer from congenital malformations and heart disease. Our employees in Shanghai are inspired by and amply involved in the companys commitment to global sustainabil ity. ( Peter Weber, 2011) Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai enters its one-ninth year with its original pioneering spirit, setting an example of corporate social responsibility and renewing its commitment to improve the lives of children. ( Hotel News, 2011)Sales PromotionSales Promotion consists of short-term incentives to encourage the purchase or sale of a product or service. It includes a variety of promotional tools designed to stimulate earlier or stronger market response. ( Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 2010) Hotel packages promotionAs the first competitive factor in guests mind, the price always plays an important role in sales promotion. For hotel packages promotion, the price of package is lower than the total price of the products or services with the same qualities included in the package. So hotel packages promotion strongly stimulates the purchase desire of guests and used widely in various types hotels. Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai designs all kinds of packages for various target markets. For instance, the Romantic spousal relationship Package is prepared specially for the newlywed holding their union in the hotel. To leave a living of memories to the newlywed, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai sets a specially designed ice carving in the ballroom to suss out the wedding theme.Then during wedding time, the hotel will prepare a champagne tower and a wedding cake which could create a happy wedding atmosphere. After the wedding, a couples spa treatment at Qin Spa is ready for the newlywed to relax. If the newlywed prefer to stay in the hotel for their wedding night, a amative decoration suite is free for them including a breakfast for two people the following morning. Another amazing thing is that Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai provides the newlywed a gift certificate to celebrate their first day of remembrance in a restaurant at the hotel chosen by themselves. Anyway, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai offers various packages for different target markets to satisfy their needs. DiscountTo attract more guests, discount is the way most direct and acceptable. But it is different from other hotels that Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai nearly never use discount to promote their products even in the off season. As Mr. Wang said, Four Season Hotels and Resorts is one of the most luxury and famous hotel brands in the world and target markets for them are the leaders of business and political circles and super stars but not the mediate class or less level. The low price is not the primary reason for their target markets to make their choice cause they do not want to see so many middle class or less level people around them in the hotel. Instead, no discount is another way to attract more high level people. And for Four Seasons, there are actually some things more important than revenue like the reputation and loyalty of target market.ConclusionThe report explained some information which is necessary to know for Four Season Hotel Shanghai. As a w orld class hotel, Four Season Hotel Shanghai has gained high reputation since it was built . To maintain the status and revenue level, promoting the products from various channels and ways to improve and expand public relations and strengthen the products promotion is very important for the future developing of Four Season Hotel Shanghai. Although its reputation have covered all over world, it must keep functional hard on marketing in order to attract and retain the guests. Moreover, doing the programs for public good and communicating with guests are very ideal promotional tools also are useful to improve favorable image for Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai.ReferenceCultural China.com. (2008). Four Seasons Hotel online. on hand(predicate) at . Last accessed on 12.03.2012Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts. (2012). Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai online. Available at . Last accessed on 12.03.2012Hotel News. (2011). Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai Participates in 10 Million Trees Campaign online. Available at . Last accessed on 13.03.2012Sohu Weibo. (2012). Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai online. Available at . Last accessed on 13.03.2012Nolo.com. (2012). Define a Target Market for Your Business online. Available at . Last accessed on 14.03.2012Wikipedia.org (2012). Online Advertising online. Available at . Last accessed on 14.03.2012Mark A. Rosso & Bernard J. Jansen, 2010, Brand Names as Keywords in Sponsored Search Advertising, CAIS, vol.27.Rocco M. Angelo & Andrew N. Vladimir, 2011, Hospitality Today. 7th Edition, AH&LA.Philip Kotler, John T. Bowen & crowd together C. Makens, 2010, Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism. 5th Edition, Pearson.Ninemeier, J, 2005, Management of Food and Beverage Operations. 5th Edition, AH&LA.John Wilmshurst & Adrian Mackay, 2002, The Fundamentals and put of Marketing. 4th Edition. Woburn, MA, Butterworth. 4th Edition, Butterworth Heinemann.

Comparison

To Build a Fire and The Johnstown Flood argon twain similar and 2 different stories at the same time. They atomic number 18 easy to read and can grab readers attention re exclusively in ally quickly. Two main characters in these stories, try to fight for their life, solely only one survives. There be a lot of similarities and differences between those two stories and after insureing them we can understand the story frequently better. Both Man and Gertrude atomic number 18 trying to fight for their lives. They both control equal chance to happen only if they are going to give up.Also these two stories show how powerful the personality can be against us, hu objet darts, and how weak we can be against it. We can lose our friends and family if we will give up or cube trying to live, yet all different things can happen throughout time. Also these two stories are stories of survival and how keep trying to do anything to stay alive. So these two stories are genuinely close, b ut they withstand a lot of differences too. As the story To Build a Fire begins we can understandably fit how stupid the cosmos was.He did not listen to the advice his friends gave him, so he stayed alone. In The Johnstown Flood we see different scene. Gertrude started getting out of the house alone but as she floated on the mattress the millworker agreed to religious service her after she called. So he swam to her risking his life, but he made it. Gertrude survives, but the man does not. Also Gertrude well- time-tested to follow some kind of instructions of how to get out of the house, float on the mattress, and stay alive. The man first of all he sets up the fire under a tree full of snow.Second of all he does not follow any kind of instructions of logics for setting up the fire. I esteem that Gertrude was able to survive, because she tried with all her might to live and not give up, but without millworkers sustain she would have been dead too. The man could not do all that things, because he traveled alone, did not listen to his friends advice, and gave up. If he went back when he saw the danger was coming he would survive too, but he refused, he thought he can do it all by himself.Middle ages, inexperienced, careless, these traits cannot be used when traveling in Yukon. It was very hard for them to survive in that kind of situations, but one of the main reasons Gertrude survived and the man did not is she never gave up and did anything to keep living. One of the most reasons the man was not able to survive is he traveled alone. He had a choice, but he wanted to do it all by himself. So I mobilise we need to learn from Gertrude that we should not give up at anytime even if the disposition is unexpectedly strikes us.ComparisonTo Build a Fire and The Johnstown Flood are two similar and two different stories at the same time. They are easy to read and can grab readers attention very quickly. Two main characters in these stories, try to fight for their life, but only one survives. There are a lot of similarities and differences between those two stories and after seeing them we can understand the story untold better. Both Man and Gertrude are trying to fight for their lives. They both have equal chance to blend in only if they are going to give up.Also these two stories show how powerful the Nature can be against us, humans, and how weak we can be against it. We can lose our friends and family if we will give up or check into trying to live, but all different things can happen throughout time. Also these two stories are stories of survival and how keep trying to do anything to stay alive. So these two stories are very close, but they have a lot of differences too. As the story To Build a Fire begins we can all the way see how stupid the man was.He did not listen to the advice his friends gave him, so he stayed alone. In The Johnstown Flood we see different scene. Gertrude started getting out of the house alone but as she floa ted on the mattress the millworker agreed to help her after she called. So he swam to her risking his life, but he made it. Gertrude survives, but the man does not. Also Gertrude tried to follow some kind of instructions of how to get out of the house, float on the mattress, and stay alive. The man first of all he sets up the fire under a tree full of snow.Second of all he does not follow any kind of instructions of logics for setting up the fire. I think that Gertrude was able to survive, because she tried with all her might to live and not give up, but without millworkers help she would have been dead too. The man could not do all that things, because he traveled alone, did not listen to his friends advice, and gave up. If he went back when he saw the danger was coming he would survive too, but he refused, he thought he can do it all by himself.Middle ages, inexperienced, careless, these traits cannot be used when traveling in Yukon. It was very hard for them to survive in that ki nd of situations, but one of the main reasons Gertrude survived and the man did not is she never gave up and did anything to keep living. One of the most reasons the man was not able to survive is he traveled alone. He had a choice, but he wanted to do it all by himself. So I think we need to learn from Gertrude that we should not give up at anytime even if the Nature is unexpectedly strikes us.

What is supply Management?

Several authors have offered various definitions of bring commission, whereas the definitions have seemed concomitant, the functions of preparation management have at times appeared paradoxical. According to Gattorna et al (2003), supply management is defined as the methodical business progression that encompasses diversified functions such as synchronizing inbound and internal logistics and managing muniment than legendary buying, this is in agreement with Baily et al, (2005), who implies that supply management is the recognition, acquirement, entree, position and administration of resources and associated competence the business postulate or prospectively needs to survive.However, Leenders et al, (2001), defines supply management as techniques and procedures of institutional or corporate buying, and argues that supply management is concerned with the oversight and administration of services and resource inputs, handling the suppliers of the inputs and sustaining input acquisit ion process. These definitions have tho centered on explaining supply management as just the process buying and the management of the processes of buying and related procedures.Trent , (2007), offers a diversified definition of supply management and argues that supply management has matured from calculated function of procurement and purchasing into a crucial strategic role influencing the survival of the organizations, he argues that supply management plays a primary role in the organization in that it influences the organizations image, social and corporate policy, progresses the agonistical position and customer satisfaction and promotes effectiveness, productivity and efficiency of an organization.Supply management is therefore viewed as the main source of strategic competitive advantage of an organization. The research shall therefore evaluate the defined effectiveness of strategic management as a source of competitive advantage to organizations.

Psychology and common sense Essay

Psychology is a scientific and look based study of human learning ability and behaviours. The field of study foc workouts on emotions, characteristics and behaviours of exclusives in their daily lives and their behaviours when interacting with other people. Wilhelm Wundt is the father of psychological science, whom set up his low laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. His main contri unlession to the field of psychology was his idea of structuralism the use of introspection to study individuals experiences comprising of sensations, images and feelings. Throughout his course of research, he insisted on using taxonomic observation and measurement, which serve as a strong foundation for psychology studies in the future. Whereas, common brain basically refers to the common knowledge shargond by the majority human population. Such knowledge unremarkably arise from daily observation and interaction one a nonher, past experiences, beliefs that are being passed down for generations an d scenarios nor center fieldy portrayed in television shows. Much of psychology is not based on common sensory faculty, but on research, testing, and applications of theory. As such, psychologists are heavily trained in research methods and statistics.Psychology is a veridical science as It uses scientific methods such as the experimental research and analysis to support a hypothesis and that psychology is not retributory things we see everyday. Psychology has a wide variety of aspects from the cordial side of misgiving why people behave in a specific way, to the neuroscience side of understanding what goes wrong in the brain of people with mental health disorders. As psychologists attempt to explain the brainpower and brain in the context of real life, it is definitely not common sense. One common sense belief states that if someone recalls something vividly and confidently, that repositing is true and accurate. In another words, an individual will not imitation memories. Even if there is, the individual will have the ability to differentiate real from nonsensical memories. However, psychological research have proven this common sense belief to be wrong.False memories, also known as pseudomemories, can usually be formed when individual try to fill up the gaps in their memory by logic guesses combining with their actual memory (Koutstaal, Norman & Schacter, 1998, p. 289-318). This action is other than called constructive processing. A study by Braun, Ellis and Loftus (2002) shows that sixteen percent of the people who were shown with a fake advertising of Bugs Bunny in Disney resort actually insisted that they metBugs in Disney. However, it was not possible since Bugs is a character from Warner Brothers and not Disney (p. 1-23). This study reflected that some subjects experience constructive processing after seeing the fake advertisement. Hence, the false memory formed seems rather logical to them. In another research carried out by Loftus (1997), together with her research associate, Jacqueline Pickrell, they told a group of subjects, ranging from 18 to 53 years old, a series of their childhood sequents recounted by their family members or close relatives.Out of all the incidents told, they included one whereby the subjects had been lost in a shopping mall when they were still children. In the next two interview sessions, the subjects were asked to recall the incident of being lost in the mall. Surprising, about a quarter of them said they could remember it and purge supplied extra details about what happened even though the incident was actually made up. This shows a way of inducing a completely false memory into someone simply by providing external evidence that prompt the happening of such incident (p.71). Similar situation of implanting false memories into someone would be under therapy or hypnosis. The mis instruction effect is also theory accounted for the formation of pseudomemories. This refers to the distortion of memory as a result of the presence of misleading and suggestive information as well as source confusion (Porter et. Al., 2010, p. 55-61).The above mentioned studies and psychological theories such as constructive processing, hypnosis, misinformation effect, memory construction and schemas, have proven the common sense belief to be wrong. It is possible for an individual to take pseudomemories as their true and accurate memories. In conclusion, common sense beliefs are knowledge that everybody are exposed to whereas psychology comprises of careful and scientific researches and analysis. Though common sense beliefs may be wide apply and agreed to, that do not necessary mean that they are correct. In fact, they are mainly false write ups of thought process and behaviour. Psychologists are hence able to come up with psychological explanation to prove the direct opposite of the common sense. Nonetheless, psychological explanation can also be used to prove certain common sense beliefs which are true. As such, people can view psychology as a tool employed to prove the credibility of common sense. Therefore, psychology is not just common sense.