What Inspired Lolita

Lolita  is one of the most controversial novels in  literary history. Wondering what inspired Vladimir Nabokov to write the novel, how the idea evolved over time, or why is the novel now considered one of the great fiction books of the 20th century? Here are some events and works that inspired the novel. Origins Vladimir Nabokov wrote Lolita over a period of 5 years, finally finishing the novel on December 6, 1953. The book was first published in 1955 (in Paris, France) and then in 1958 (in New York, New York). (The author also later translated the book back into his native tongue, Russian--later in his life.) As with any other novel, the evolution of the work happened over many years. We can see that Vladimir Nabokov drew from many sources. Authors Inspiration: In On a Book Entitled Lolita, Vladimir Nabokov writes: As far as I can recall, the initial shiver of inspiration was somehow prompted by a newspaper story about an ape in the Jardin des Plantes, who, after months of coaxing by a scientist, produced the first drawing ever charcoaled by an animal: the sketch showed the bars of the poor creatures cage. Music Theres also some evidence that music (classical Russian ballet) and European fairy tales may have had a strong influence. In Ballet Attitudes, Susan Elizabeth Sweeney writes: Indeed, Lolita echoes specific aspects of the plotting, characters, scenery, and choreography of The Sleeping Beauty. She develops upon the idea further in: Fantasy, Folklore, and Finite Numbers in Nabokovs A Nursery Tale, Slavic and East European Journal 43, no. 3 (Fall 1999), 511-29.Grayson, Jane, Arnold McMillin, and Priscilla Meyer, eds, Looking at Harlequins: Nabokov, the World of Art, and the Ballets Russes, Nabokovs World (Basingstoke, UK, and New York: Palgrave, 2002), 73-95.Shapiro, Gavriel, ed. The Enchanter and the Beauties of Sleep, Nabokov at Cornell (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press) Specifically, we can draw correlatives with La Belle au bois dormant, Perraults 17th-century tale. Fairy Tales The novels unreliable narrator, Humber Humbert, also seems to see himself as part of a fairy tale. Hes on an enchanted island, after all. And, hes under a nymphets spell. Before him is an intangible island of entranced time, and hes enchanted with erotic fantasies--all focused on and revolving around his obsession with the 12-year-old Dolores Haze. He specifically romanticizes his little princess, as an incarnation of Annabel Leigh (Nabokov was a big fan of Edgar Allan Poe, and there are a number of allusions to the life and works of the very-odd Poe in Lolita). In his article for Random House, Brian Boyd says that Nabokov told his friend Edmund Wilson (April 1947): I am writing two things now 1. a short novel about a man who liked little girls--and its going to be called The Kingdom by the Sea--and 2. a new type of autobiography--a scientific attempt to unravel and trace back all the tangled threads of ones personality--and the provisional title is The Person in Question. The allusion to that early working title ties in with Poe (once again) but would also have given the novel more of a fairy-tale feel... Other elements of famous fairy tales also make their way into the text: Lost slipper (Cinderella)gagged, bursting beast and the beauty of her dimpled body in its innocent cotton frock (Beauty and the Beast)She eats a red apple (Sleeping Beauty)Quilty also says to Humbert: That child of yours needs a lot of sleep. Sleep is a rose, as the Persians say. Other Classic Literary Sources Like Joyce and many other modernist writers, Nabokov is known for his allusions to other writers, and his parodies of literary styles. He later would pull the thread of Lolita through his other books and stories. Nabokov parodies  James Joyces stream-of-consciousness style, he references many French authors (Gustave Flaubert, Marcel Proust, Franà §ois Rabelais, Charles Baudelaire, Prosper Mà ©rimà ©e, Remy Belleau, Honorà © de Balzac, and Pierre de Ronsard), as well Lord Byron and Laurence Sterne.

Benefits Of Becoming A Veterinarian - 1287 Words

Becoming a veterinarian takes a lot of hard work and many years of schooling, but it is an immensely satisfying job for those that are comfortable with and passionate about working with animals as well as people. Veterinarians offer medical care to by diagnosing and treating sick animals, which are often household pets, farm animals, and zoo animals. While looking into becoming a veterinarian, many factors of the job need to be taken into consideration: education and experience requirements, working facilities, job outlook, advancement opportunities, salary and wages, tasks performed, and advantages and disadvantages. There are education and experience requirements to start a career as a veterinarian. Most veterinarians complete around four years of undergraduate education and receive a bachelor’s degree before applying to a DVM program. Undergraduate courses taken should heavily emphasize focus on biological and physical sciences. Other studies that can be beneficial to a veterinarian’s career are communication, humanities, mathematics, and social science. A veterinarian must graduate from a veterinary school with a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) or a Veterinary Medical Doctor (VMD) degree. Even though getting a bachelor’s degree is not a requirement, it can highly increase the chances of acceptance. It is often the best choice to earn your bachelor’s degree because of extremely competitive admission rates with DVM programs. Nonetheless, all DVM programs still requireShow MoreRelatedAn Introduction To Becoming A Veterinarian Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages5th Research Paper October 5, 2016 We Like Big Mutts and We Cannot Lie: An Analysis of Becoming a Veterinarian Imagine a family bringing in their deathly sick dog, everybody in tears, everybody relying on you to save their dog. A veterinarian will probably go through this situation many times throughout their career. I have a strong passion to work with animals from all over the world. My grandpa was a veterinarian, and he always told me stories about what animals he worked with and where all he traveledRead MoreAn Introduction To Becoming A Veterinarian Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pages5th Research Paper October 5, 2016 We Like Big Mutts and We Cannot Lie: An Analysis of Becoming a Veterinarian Imagine a family bringing in their deathly sick dog, everybody in tears, everybody relying on you to save their dog. A veterinarian will probably go through this situation many times throughout their career. I have a strong passion to work with animals from all over the world. My grandpa was a veterinarian, and he always told me stories about what animals he worked with and where all he traveledRead MoreThe Nature Of A Career Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pageseverybody in tears, everybody relying on you to save their dog. A veterinarian will probably go through this situation many times throughout their career. I have a strong passion to work with animals from all over the world. My grandpa was a veterinarian, and he always told me stories about what animals he worked with and where all he traveled to. Joining the veterinary field and helping all sorts of animals will offer many positive benefits, provide great pay, and allow me to work in different locationsRead MoreCareer Objectives : Becoming A Veterinarian935 Words   |  4 PagesCareer Objectives: Becoming a Veterinarian The path to becoming a veterinarian may seem challenging and rightfully so! Most people studying to be a veterinarian will spend at least eight years in school from the time they graduate from high school until they graduate from vet school. Not only does becoming a veterinarian require a large time commitment but it also demands academic excellence. There are countless numbers of tests throughout vet school that lead up to the â€Å"final† licensure exam thatRead MoreAnimal Health Problems Of Veterinarians1160 Words   |  5 PagesVeterinarians treat animal health problems. They work to prevent, control, and cure animal diseases. They work with all types of animals and owners. Veterinarians are unquestionably important to the community and are highly respected. All states in the US require veterinarians be licensed. Future veterinarians should focus their studies on Veterinarians science and medicine. To become a veterinarian it is required that they obtain a license before applying. Being a veterinarian requires extensiveRead MoreWhy Veterinary Medicine Is A Doctor But For Animals1207 Words   |  5 Pagesmedical, diagnostic, surgical, dental, and therapeutic principles to all types of animals. If a client got bit by an infected animal, a human doctor might just send them to the vet for a better understanding and this might just be another way veterinarians help humans as well. Most people who go into this field starts learning about what type of animals they want to handle by learning all about them in high school†¦ even if the person might already know it is still a requirement to do so. Take meRead MoreThe Career Of A Veterinarian1134 Words   |  5 Pagesgrateful she and her mother were to not lose a member of our family. The career of a veterinarian is a rewarding career, because one has the opportunity to care for beings who can’t for themselves. The research will describe the career of a veterinarian, what is required to become successful, and the impact this career has on society. The Veterinary practice began long ago, around 3000 BC. The veterinarians were mostly used for treating livestock, instead of pets. The practice had been mainlyRead MoreMy Internship At The Ridgefield Animal Hospital1511 Words   |  7 Pagesstool was prepared and examined under the microscope. Doing so allowed the veterinarian to detect and identify the presence of cysts as well as parasites and their eggs. Common parasites that were seen have been hookworms and tapeworms. Blood samples were also frequently obtained for testing. Analyzing the structures of the blood cells present under a microscope, as well as the number of blood cells assist the veterinarian in diagnosing and monitoring disease and infection. Not only was I able toRead MoreAntibiotic Resistance As A Worldwide Health Risk Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesdisease, and to promote the growth of food-producing animals† (11). The US is giving permission to the farmers and producers to take on this action, which is making people believe that it is a helpful benefit. As a results of humans consuming animals given growth promoting antibiotics are becoming resistant to the types of drugs to treat infections. The farmers and consumers found â€Å"nourseothricin- resistant E- coli in their gut† (14) after being exposed to animals that have growth antibiotics administeredRead MoreOccupational Therapist, Social And Human Service Assistant, Pharmacist, And Veterinarian1036 Words   |  5 Pagesaccurate and possible that I want to pursue. I have always been passionate of caring for others in some source. The four careers that I decided to further research are: occupational therapist, social and human service assistant, phar macist, and veterinarian. An occupational therapist treat ill and/or disabled patients to regain the ability to do everyday activities. These patients could range from working with children, old adults, ones without a limb, alzheimer patients, and etc. They could also

Halal Business Corporate Social Responsibility - 3628 Words

Halal Business Corporate Social Responsibility Othman Ibrahim*, Siti Zakiah Melatu Samsi**, Muhamad Fazil Ahmad*** *University Teknologi Malaysia/Faculty of Computer Science and Information System, Johor, Malaysia. Email: othmanibrahim@utm.my **Multimedia University/Faculty of Business and Law, Melaka, Malaysia. Email: zakiah.melatu@mmu.edu.my ***Universiti Putra Malaysia/Faculty of Modern Languages Communication, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: mfazil@fbmk.upm.edu.my Abstract - Halal industry is growing in Malaysia and the government has done a lot of initiatives to nurture the industry. The awareness to get Halal status for the food products and premises also increase among the businesses as the enforcement efforts being done by†¦show more content†¦This concept is known as ‘Halalan Toyyiban’. Talib et. al. (2010) mentioned that there are six specific motives of the halal concept in Islam; (1) To preserve the purity of the religion, (2) to safeguard the Islamic mentality, (3) to preserve life, (4) to safeguard property, (5) to safeguard future generations and (6) to maintain self respect and integrity. Although Halal is an Islamic concept based on the revelation, it is not necessary that the owner of Halal business is Muslim. In Malaysia, any business owner regardless of their race and religion are allowed to apply for Halal certification for their products and sell them to the consumers. Islam is a complete religion. Because of the ‘Halalan Thoyyiban’ concept, the Halal products are now accepted in the global market and among non-Muslim consumers (Amat, 2006). III. HALAL INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVES In industry perspective Halal concept provides good business opportunities for everyone, Muslims or non-Muslims alike. It is touted as a new growth sector in light of the huge potential in this market. The rising affluence of Muslims worldwide and the increasing awareness on Halal have created high demand for Halal products and services. In referring to Halal, the business opportunities are not only confined to the food and non-food sector but also covers the services sector such as finance and banking, insurance, educationShow MoreRelatedEffective Understanding of Cultural Differences Will Be Key to Successful Business Operations in the 21st Century. Discuss This Statement Using Examples from Two Sectors.4254 Words   |  18 PagesEffective understanding of cultural differences will be key to successful business operations in the 21st century. Discuss this statement using examples from two sectors. Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate why it is essential to understand cultural differences to achieve success in the 21st century. The paper focuses on the adaptations that different industries are incorporating into their business practices to meet the needs of the global consumer. In particular, the paperRead MoreMcdonalds Corporate Social Responsibility in Malaysia1004 Words   |  5 Pagesvery concerned about what they can provide to their stockholders, the public, customers and even the suppliers. Since McDonalds’ Malaysia first came to Malaysia on 29 April 1982, they are well-known for their high commitment in their corporate social responsibility. McDonalds’ cares about human rights and their customers. They do not employ forced labourers or child labourers. Besides that, McDonalds’ has anti discrimination policy, especially the discrimination against women. Today, 53% of McDonald’sRead MoreMalaysia Franchise Business Registered under Malaysia Franchise Association731 Words   |  3 PagesMalaysia Franchise Business Registered Under Malaysia Franchise Association (MFA) Company Name: 7-Eleven Malaysia Sdn Bhd Type of Business: 24-Hours Convenience Store Product Category: Retail Type: Master Franchise Registrar of Franchise (ROF): 16 May 2000 Company Address: Level 3A, Podium Block Plaza Berjaya, No.12, Jalan Imbi, 55100 Kuala Lumpur Tel: 03-2142 1136 INTRODUCTION OF 7-ELEVEN 7- Eleven was founded by J.C. Thompson in the year 1927. Previously it was known as the Southland IceRead MoreCsr of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad4738 Words   |  19 PagesAssessment Series). On top of that, all of its products are halal-certified (Colaco, n.d.). Dutch Lady Berhad has made a continuous effort to provide better services and products to its customers. The CSR Activities Done by the Company MARKETPLACE 1. Corporate Governance The Board of Directors in Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad practices good corporate governance as complied with the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance. (a) The corporate governance statement found in the annual report clearly statesRead MoreJulies Biscuit Background1245 Words   |  5 Pages18001 (British Standard for Occupational Hazard amp; Safety Management Systems), GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices), ISO 22000 (interactive communication, system management, prerequisite programs amp; HACCP principles) and the latest being the HALAL (permissible food based on Islamic law) certification. 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The concept of corporate communication strategyRead MoreEssay on Marketing Analysis of Mengniu Dairy Co.1273 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy/ Mission Statement The company strives for creating natural dairy products, especially milk, trying to meet its aim â€Å"For a Better Life†. Mengniu believes that healthy developments is primary social obligation to an enterprise and as an excellent corporate, it should also actively undertake responsibilities for the nature and the society. Background In 1999, Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd. founded by Mr Niu Gensheng, a former employee of Yili, another Inner Mongolian dairy giantRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Nestle1302 Words   |  6 Pagesbeverages or water (Nestlà © Waters), to baby and health foods (Nestlà © Nutrition) and sweets and snacks (Nestlà © confectionery sector) to cosmetics (L’Oreal). As such, the company’s demographics are split amongst infants, adolescents and adults. As its business principle states, its purpose is to meet the needs of its customers and consumers for quality food products that offer value for the money. With that said, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s largest consumers are price conscious, low income, and/or upper middle age. TheyRead MoreEthical Issues Of A Business1415 Words   |  6 Pagesissues that a business needs to take into consideration in their operational activities. Date: Ethical issues surrounding the operation of Cadburys Introduction Throughout this report I will be explaining the ethical issues that Cadburys needs to consider in their day to day activities. Also I will be focusing on the aims and objectives of the Cadburys. According to business case study the definition for business ethics is â€Å"the moral principles that guide the way a business behave. 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COED SCHOOLS - 1592 Words

TASK 2: ARGUMENT ESSAYS – 3 MODELS In the column next to each paragraph in the 3 essays below, write ï â€¹ if it is neutral (agrees and disagrees – is balanced) ï Å  if it agrees with the topic (NOT if you agree) ï Å' if it disagrees with the topic (NOT if you disagree). Single-Sex or Co-Ed Schools: Boys and girls SHOULD be educated together. In the UAE, most schools are single-sex. Some people believe that this kind of school offers more benefits for the student. However, others think that coeducational ones are better. This essay will examine the pros and cons of co-ed and single-sex schools. There are several arguments in favour of mixed schools. The first argument is that students will learn to communicate with each other. This is†¦show more content†¦Especially in adolescence, boys tend to distract girls and vice-versa: the subject of study often becomes the other gender rather than English or math! Moreover, boys and girls think in markedly different ways. This suggests, therefore, that they should also be taught using strategies specific to their gender. Girls, for example, may benefit more from listening and speaking tasks whereas boys may prefer hands-on activities targeting their kinaesthetic preferences. In short, girls may prefer to listen and speak, boys to â€Å"do† things such as project-based work. A last compelling point is co-ed schools are against some religions, notably Islam. According to the Q ran, Islamic schools should not be co-ed, especially after students reach adolescence. Therefore, schools should be sensitive to pupils cultural and religious differences and respect such differences by segregating the genders from middle school, if not earlier. To conclude, single-sex and mixed schools both have their merits. However, I firmly believe that single-sex schools offer far better academic preparation than mixed schools. (241 words) TASK 2: ARGUMENT ESSAYS – 3 MODELS (key) Topic - Single-Sex or Co-Ed Schools: Boys and girls should be educated together Model 1: ____Balanced (presents bothShow MoreRelatedSingle sex schools or Coed schools1395 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Single sex schools have many benefits and are as equally good as coeducation schools. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Single Sex Schools or Coeducation Schools It is a controversial topic that between single sex schools and mixed schools has been ongoing for a long time. Some people think sex-segregated schools have similar impact on juvenile’s achievement as coeducational schools. This essay will explain why I disagree with this statement. In my perspective, althoughRead MoreSingle Sex School and Coed School961 Words   |  4 PagesSingle-sex and coed schools have long co-exited, each one offering unique benefits. There has been a long standing debate about which one offers a better educational experience for students. Currently, more parents are considering single-sex schools for their children. According to â€Å"Single-Sex School Are the Answer,† Maria Espinoza, a worried mother who feels strongly that same-sex schools will help students reach their full academic potential and their personal development which will eventuallyRead MoreSingle Gender Schools Are Better Than Coed Schools1180 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever wondered if single-gender schools are better than coed schools? Each side has advantages, but there are also disadvantages to them. My thoughts on this subject is coed schools aren’t as supportive and beneficial as single-gender schools. I think this for many reasons, including that single-gender schools improve student collaboration, self-improvement by not worrying about being judged by the breaking down of stereotypes, and teachers can use better teaching techniques when teachingRead MoreSingle Sex Schools vs. Coed Essay1824 Words   |  8 Pagessay the single sex schools are ineffective, because girls and boys need to know how to communicate with the opposite sex. They should be enforced to help children reach their full dreams without the thought of humility standing in their way. School is a place where students get acquainted with the basics of the life, which further helps them to foster their proficiency level in different aspects of life required in this competitive world, and the most important part of school is not where studentsRead MoreCo-ed versus Same Sex Physical Education Classes1476 Words   |  6 Pagesgirls will then feel less dominate and will be much less likely to participate. On the other hand, with same sex physical education classes students are more likely to stay focused as well as be more competitive with their peers, more so than co-ed schools because they do not have to worry about impressing the opposite sex or being embarrassed. Co-ed and same sex physical education classes both have positive and negative effects because students are influenced by their peers around them and do notRead MoreEvolution Of Education : How Much Has Education1545 Words   |  7 Pagesform of writing in 3100 BC, along with it, the first schools (Guiespi). As Robert Guiespi says, â€Å"Because firsthand experience in everyday living could not teach such skills as writing and reading a place devoted to learning, the school appeared.† As civilization developed they realized that the best form of education was to be in a school. Assigned to be teachers were scribes and priests, although, a small minority of children attended the schools. Their focus of education was on memorization. EducationRead MoreSocial Issues Affecting Females in Jamaica1834 Words   |  8 Pagesand across generations. Investing in girls education is one of the most effective ways to reduce poverty and girl’s results are principally high dividends. In Jamaica I think/ believe girls are cleverer, better-behaved and try harder than boys at school from a very young age. As globalization calls for higher levels of education, persons especially women are on the move to increase their academic standard. However as time progresses and persons get older some tend to loose their focus due to aRead MoreSingle Sex Instruction Is An Old Approach That Is Increasing New Force1243 Words   |  5 PagesSingle-sex instruction is a n old approach that is increasing new force. While single-sex instruction has since a long time ago existed in numerous non-public schools, it s a moderately new choice for state funded schools. The National Association for Single-Sex Public Education gauges that around 400 government funded schools now offer some type of single-sex training. What is filling this development? What s more, what are the dangers and advantages of single-sex training? A main impetus inRead MoreThe Influence Of The University Of San Francisco714 Words   |  3 Pagesout if USF is the right school for you. San Francisco has long been a cultural influence for the country, and USF is no exception. It was established as a St. Ignatius Academy in 1855, and became fully coed in 1964 (â€Å"USF: Our History†). The main campus is 55 acres (â€Å"USF: Our History†) and lies in the heart of the city, with the college’s five other schools located throughout San Francisco (â€Å"University of San Francisco†). However, the real attention grabber isn’t the school itself, but rather theRead MoreDo Children Learn Better? Boys Only Or Girls Only?997 Words   |  4 Pagesor Girls-only School? When it comes with education, Koreans have a lot to talk about. Education is always a hot issue in Korea. Since Korea has no natural resources, we have been investing on education and school systems. Obviously we have boys-only and girls-only schools. We have foreign language schools, science schools, arts schools, and sports schools in the result of long time agony. We tried many different types of schools yet, we could not conclude which types of schools are the best

Gender Roles And Gender Role Essay - 1385 Words

NAME PROFESSOR COURSE DATE OF SUBMISSION Gender roles Introduction Gender is set of characteristics that may be used to differentiate between female and male through the use of one’s gender or through gender identity therefore. Gender role can be considered as the hypothetical construct in humanities and in many social sciences referring to a set of behavioral and social norms which in a particular culture may be largely regarded to be socially appropriate for individuals of a particular sex, gender roles vary from various societies. For instant among many societies both male and female have various specific duties like in the case of Maasai community in Kenya it’s the role of the woman to build a house this is unlike many communities such as luos where it’s the duty of a man to build a house for the family. Gender role may be depicted in politics, religion, and culture. In politics gender role has been evidenced in the perception people have while choosing leaders, there have been some leadership position mainly for particular sexes. This is cleared observed through representation in some roles in various countries such as America and German. Gender roles in politics Based on the past statistics gender there have been female inequalities in the political involvement causing huge gender gap in political participation. Women have been in lack of the political resources like the political information and political interest. This has been due to some process such as genderShow MoreRelatedGender Roles And Gender Role844 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles can be defined as roles society expects people to play on account of their sex life. Like all roles, gender roles are made up of sets of expectations, so they can be thought of as sets of expirations, so they can be thought of as sets of expectation that are attached to sex.(pp: 220 John E. Farley Michael W. Flota). The key word gender role affects me personally because as recent graduate of high school it’s time for me to go into the real world, of working class gender role of theRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Role Essay784 Words   |  4 Pagessession, I will discuss the gender roles in my family. The definition of gender role is the degree to which a person adopts the gender-specific behaviors ascribed by his or her culture (Matsumoto, D. R., Juang 2013, 156). For example, traditional gender roles recommend that males are aggressive, angry, and unemotional. It goes further and explains that the male should leave the home every day to make a living and be the main wage earner. The traditional gender role for the female purpose is toRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Role1370 Words   |  6 PagesEach gender will have different ways they should live their life in order to stay within their gender role. Some will meet the expectations and other will not. That does not make them look le ss of their gender, they will just be expected to meet them. Over the years, some gender roles have submerged and others have risen above. They will be able to show how the gender roles are supposed to be in jobs, education, and marriage and also how they can benefit from stepping out of the gender roles. GrowingRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles1437 Words   |  6 Pages Gender roles play an important role in society whether it is for good or for bad. These roles have been placed in society since the beginning of time. The term gender is socially created and it therefore categorizes men from women. How is gender defined, and what makes it different from the term sex? â€Å"†¦sex refers to the biological characteristics that distinguish women and men: sex chromosomes, reproductive organs, sex-specific hormones, and physical characteristics†¦Gender†¦ refers to the socialRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles844 Words   |  4 PagesSociety has institutionalized gender roles since the beginning of time, a common one is that women are the nurturers and housekeepers, while men are the breadwinners of household. In spite of centuries, and fighting for women s rights, such as the right to vote in the late 1920s. Women still have roles to fulfill, even in a modern society that is dominated by a virtual world. Gender identification has multiplied from that of men and women, to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ)Read MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles1110 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieve gender is only based on being male or female. People believe gender is based on the physical and biological differences between women and men. Over the last few years, the term gender has changed. When some people believe gender is being male or female. Most people associate gender with gender roles and how people are supposed to function or perform based on society’s expectations. In other words, people believe males and females have to behave according to their gender or gender roles to beRead MoreGender Roles : Gender And Gender1587 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween gender and sex. Sex is anatomical and biological. Gender role can be defined as a person’s inner sense of how a male or female should feel and behave. Culture and societ y are two important factors in relation to this particular topic. This implies that various societies and cultures may produce children and later fully grown men and women who may have diverse perspectives of a man or a woman’s place or role in the world around them; this is often determined by their culture’s gender stereotypesRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles863 Words   |  4 PagesGender can sometimes be seen as biological characteristics humans have, when in fact it is the social characteristic ones society deems either masculine or feminine. Sex, on the other hand, is the biological differences in humans, for example, hormones and sex organs. People usually play gender roles in society, otherwise known as gender ideology. Gender ideology is when men and women have certain attitudes regarding their ‘fixed’ roles, responsibilities and rights. Throughout history men and womenRead MoreGender And Gender Roles1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of gender roles is a subject that has been discussed and argued upon for several years, regarding the depiction and expectations of what it means to be a man and, conversely, what it means to be a woman. Along with the topic comes what and how society defines masculinity and femininity. Society has given men the title of being masculine due to the reflection of   dominance, strength, aggressiveness, independence , and the use of interpersonal skills. Whereas society has given females theRead MoreGender And Gender Roles1080 Words   |  5 PagesGender roles are born through social construct rather than given biologically. Language in male and female roles have been substantially focused on â€Å"how the system is put to use in practice† (Bucholtz 1999: Page 80). If a person studied the differences of feminism and masculinity, the differences will outstand each other, because women are expected to act and speak in a specific way, as well as men. An insight of the differentiati on of men and women would be â€Å"women may use â€Å"men’s† forms to index

Courtly Love and Social Institutions Essay Example For Students

Courtly Love and Social Institutions Essay For several thousand years, the worlds wealthy and nobility usedmarriage as a contract, a method of binding two families together toincrease power or money.Only in the last century has that sort ofarranged marriage disappeared. During the Middle Ages, arranged marriageswere common in every station of life. From princes to weavers to peasantfarmers, it was the social norm for two families to arrange a match betweentheir children for the sake of power and wealth.In some cases, theseunions might bring together two powerful estates or kingdoms, while inother cases, two smaller farms might combine to become a small estate. This kind of arranged marriage did not always take into account the basichuman need for affection. All people want to be loved on some level,especially by someone with whom they spend a significant amount of time. It is this lack of affection in so many marriages that helped lead to theera of courtly love and chivalry, the effects of which are still seen inmodern Western culture. Marriage itself was incredibly important during the Middle Ages forall social classes for both religious and social reasons.Getting marriedwas a way to devote yourself to one person for the rest of your life, muchlike monks devoted themselves to God.Perhaps this is the reason whyGratian felt justified in saying, That no woman is to be compelled tomarry a man Ambrose testifies commenting on the First Epistle to theCorinthians: Let her marry whom she wills, only in the Lord. That is sheshall marry one whom she thinks fit for her, for unwilling marriagescommonly have bad results1. His main point is that anyone who is forcedinto marriage is very likely to be unhappy and the sacrament of marriage isnot meant to be a punishment. Marriage is the holy union between a man anda woman for the sake of love and having children.However, socialstandards required men and women to marry people of a similar station.Aking would never be allowed to marry the daughter of a peasant farmer, anda common sol dier would never dream of asking a duchess to marry him,regardless of any level of affection between them. For the most part, marriages were still arranged by parents eventhough the idea was looked down upon by the church, however, it wasntunusual for the intended couple to have some say in who they would or wouldnot marry. In the eyes of many, a marriage couldnt be seen as valid unlessthere was some form of consent or agreement from both of the partiesinvolved. For between them there was consent which is the efficient causeof marriage according to the words of Isidore2 For example, a fathercould approve of several suitors for his daughter, but she would be allowedto choose which of them she would marry. Of course, this wasnt always thecase. There were some instances where children were betrothed at birth toseal an alliance. The marriage itself is somewhat difficult to define.During theMiddle Ages, Gratian said, It should be known that a marriage is begun bybetrothal and completed by intercourse3.By this, he meant that abetrothal was the technical beginning of the marriage, however, themarriage wasnt entirely valid until it was consummated.There was somedebate over this because many nobles considered a marriage binding as soonas the betrothal was declared, while others had reasons to withdraw frommarriage contracts and used the absence of sexual intercourse as a reasonto have the marriage annulled. Essentially, marriage was a tool that therich and powerful used to make themselves even more so, though the churchdid sometimes support those who did not consent to a forced marriage. .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c , .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c .postImageUrl , .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c , .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c:hover , .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c:visited , .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c:active { border:0!important; } .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c:active , .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue28a37f588ca2dd16fc5e9feeac3912c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Altered States of Consciousness EssayFrom the late twelfth century to the beginning of the thirteenthcentury, the idea of courtly love became a standard of behavior forsociety, especially among the nobility and wealthy middle class. The imageof knighthood changed entirely with the advent of courtly love andchivalry.Before the late twelfth century, knights were essentiallymounted soldiers who only retained their status for as long as they hadtheir weapons4.But, when you think of a knight today, you get theimage of a courageous soldier, fighting for good and protecting the weakand innocent. The ideas behind several of Chaucers Canterbury Tales aswell as Thomas Mallorys le Mo rte dArtur two of

Indoor Air Pollution In Developing Countries †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Indoor Air Pollution In Developing Countries. Answer: The principle characteristics of Environmental health promotion: The generic strategy Health promotion is giving individuals power to have control over their own health. The Ottawa Charter for health promotion states that there are five ways of promoting health. It includes devising healthy public policy, building appropriate environment for promoting health, strengthening the power of the community in fostering well-being, refining personal skills of the individuals and remodelling the health services. Environmental health refers to the practice of identifying and controlling the environmental factors that have the potential of impacting the health of generations in a negative way. It focuses on the causal effects of the environment on human health. The approach of environmental health promotion is to protect human beings by limiting their exposure to the environmental hazards such as toxic substances or microbiological contamination. Germ theory of environmental health postulates the cause and effect approach (Parkes et. al., 2003). This approach had been embraced b y John Snow who was instrumental in eradicating the 19th century cholera epidemic in London. He discovered the handle in the Broad Street pump that was the source of contamination of water. Certain social factors can also increase the susceptibility of human beings of being exposed to environmental hazards. The social approach to environmental health identifies factors such as social inequalities, psychosocial processes affecting health (Schulz and Northridge, 2004). Furthermore, an important factor in promoting environmental health is healthy and safe environment and resources such as water, food and air (BROWN et. al., 1992). Health hazards originate from an alteration in the relationship between society and environment (Parker et. al., 2004). The global environmental problems have contributed to alarming health issues. Global ecological crises such as the depletion of the ozone layer, uninhibited air and water pollution and global warming have resulted in serious health problems. In most of the developing countries, individuals are dependent on coal and biomass that appear in the form of wood, crop and dung (Fullerton et. al., 2008). They usually burn these materials with insufficient combustion. As a result, women and young people in these countries are exposed to indoor air pollution on a day-to-day basis. Consequently, they are susceptible to developing chronic illnesses such as pulmonary disease and acute respiratory infections, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer, nasopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer (Duflo et. al., 2008). Poverty is an essential barrier that hinders people in the developing countries from using cleaner fuels (Poverty, 2001). The particles in the biomass that are hazardous to health include carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides (mainly from coal), nitrous oxides, polycyclic organic matter and formaldehyde (Pope et. al., 2010). The combustion of these materials is almost always not complete. A large amount of emissions as well as poor ventilation of the rooms make indoors extremely polluted. The impact on peoples health is also dependent on the duration of exposure to the indoor pollution. As women in developing countries engage themselves in cooking, their exposure level to the pollution is higher than men. Consequently, young children who are always with their mothers also spend many hours indoors in the exposure of toxic pollutants. People in the developing countries are usually exposed to the indoor pollution for 3-7 hours every day. Environmental health promotion initiative: An example of the strategy in action The ITDG (Intermediate Technology Development Group) Smoke and Health project 1998-2001 aims to alleviate indoor air pollution in the rural households in Kenya. It aims to work in collaboration with the communities in rural Kenya to find out solutions. 80% of the people in sub-Saharan Africa rely on biomass (wood, crop, dung residues) as sources of domestic energy. There have been evidences of children being affected by illnesses such as pneumonia and chronic lung disease. This particular project had been launched on May 6, 1998. The primary purpose of this project is to minimise the exposure to toxic pollutants. This project worked with 50 households in rural Kenyan communities. Kajiado and two communities in West Kenya were chosen for this project. These areas are geographically and culturally different from each other. Monitoring the kitchens of these areas showed that the level of indoor air pollution is extremely high (Ballard-Tremeer and Jawurek, 1996). This project served in p romoting environmental health by aiming to achieve several goals. First of all, one of the objectives is to better the quality of life of these people and open up new avenues for further research. The project purports to conduct a baseline assessment of pollution, exposure to pollutants, fuel expenditure and structure of the houses (Thomas and Allen, 2000). Developments and installation of interventions are another objective. The affordability of the interventions is also to be tested. Another objective is also to make the inhabitants aware of the risks associated with house smoke and the ways of alleviating them. The other objective of this project was to spread the interventions internationally and ensure the implementation of the best practice in other countries in the world. Its purpose was also to develop an imitable methodology on suitable methods to alleviate indoor air pollution. As a result of this project, there was substantial reduction in the level of carbon monoxide (Al balak et. al.,2001) . The interventions of this project have also improved the ventilation of the households and helped in the passage of natural lighting in the households. Using stoves rather than three stone fires were encouraged. By consulting the community, smoke hoods were used rather than chimney stoves. Windows and eaves spaces had been used to make ventilation possible. The use of the Upesi stove in West Kenya minimised fuel use by 40 percent in contrast with the three stone fires (Abbott, 2000). The reports from the households using these stoves are positive. They have reported that the kitchens are cleaner than before after installing these stoves. Accidents of children being in close proximity of the fires were significantly reduced (Bruce et. al., 2000).. The most important invention adopted by Kajiado was the use of windows when 50 percent of the households adopted the use of smoke hoods. In West Kenya, the community was consulted about their idea of indoor air polluti on (Naeher et. al.,1996). Additionally, they had been shown the pictures of the interventions used in Kajiado to make them more enthusiastic about the implementation of the interventions. Thus, this project promoted the health of the inhabitants by taking interventions and strategies to control the environment and better the lives (WRI, World Bank 1998). Planning, evaluation, context Participation by the community had been an essential aspect of this project. It is important for the people of the community to express their own needs and identify solutions that correspond to those needs. During this project, the opinions of indigenous population especially women have been prioritised. They were made aware of the projects criteria that made them help in the process of house selection that are most suitable for the study. Participatory Technology Development (PTD) was an integral tool that had been used in the study throughout. It refers to the operational techniques and methods that accentuate the users participation in developing and implementing technology. It allows the participants to select the technology that is best suited for their purpose. This particular approach assumes that community is the essential part in decision-making. Moreover, focus group meetings were arranged to pay heed to the wishes and requirements of the indigenous population (Naeher et. a l., 2001). These meetings were also conducted in order to enlighten the population about the risk factors associated with indoor air pollution and the usefulness of the interventions for alleviating it (Mishra et. al., 1997). Exchange visits were paid. it refers to the act of paying visits to the households in which interventions have already been installed. Structured visits were particularly paid in order to disseminate the awareness (Gitonga et. al.). Because of the geographical distance between Kajiado and West Kenya, photographs were also exchanged by the local people in order to increase awareness. Although women have been particularly helpful in this project, there were certain constraints such as the distance between Kajiado and West Kenya. The project had a multi-disciplinary team including project managers, statisticians, and scientific advisors and so on. The selection of households was done keeping in mind certain paradigms. The households with children of 0 to 5 years w ere preferred as those children and their mothers were more likely to spend maximum amount of time in the kitchen (Bruce et. al., 1998). Enumerators were appropriately trained so that they are able to collect descriptive as well as numeric data. Data gathered from monitoring to find particulates and carbon monoxide showed the quantitative data of the level of indoor air pollution (Budds et. al., 2001). Questionnaires were provided to people to estimate the factors in these peoples lives that can result in increased levels of indoor air pollution. Pre-intervention meetings were held to discuss about possible interventions, the probable causes of indoor air pollution. The project team suggested the use of enlarged size of windows, smoke hoods, eaves spaces as well as installation of better cook stoves as possible interventions. Similarly, in Post-intervention West Kenya meetings, the indigenous population were made aware about the changes after installing the interventions (Parker et. al., 2004). They were also educated about the maintenance of the interventions. For example, they were made to realise that it is important to keep the windows open for them to be effective. Time activity studies were undertaken in order to estimate the changes in peoples lifestyle and behaviour after the installation of the interventions. Ottawa Charter in action The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion is the first conference on health promotion that had been held in Ottawa on 21 November 1986 (World Health Organization. 2017). It presented a charter with the purpose of achieving health by 2000 and afterwards. The basic conditions for health and well-being are peace, shelter, education, food, income, social justice and equity and so on. The Ottawa Charter mentions three strategies for promoting health. Advocate: Political, social, environmental, cultural, economic, biological factors can influence health in both positive and negative ways. Health promotion aims to make these conditions conducive of maintaining health and well-being. Enable: Health promotion ensures the equality between people so that everyone can avail equal opportunities to achieve their full potential in terms of well-being. It entails ensuring the availability of a secure environment, life skills, as well as opportunities so that they are capable of making healthy choices. It also involves making sure that there is no discrimination between men and women in terms of availability of these resources. Mediate: Health promotion needs to be ensured with the help of not only the health sector but also other governmental bodies, social and economic sectors, voluntary organisations, media and local authorities. While conducting this project, all the factors were taken into consideration so that the interventions taken are effective in making a difference. To estimate the societal, environmental factors, the participatory approach had always been maintained throughout the project. Womens participation played a major role in this project. Consequently, there was no discrimination on the part of the project team. Moreover, many governmental and non-governmental bodies were immensely supportive of the project. All the principles of the Ottawa charter had been religiously maintained while conducting this project. The interventions used in this project had many social impacts. The project has helped in alleviating poverty in these areas. This project has also contributed in empowering women by making them more confident in decision-making regarding their own kitchens. The improvements in health were significant and note-worthy. Coughs, dizziness and chest pains of the population were significantl y reduced (Ezzati, Kammen, 2001). There was improved sleep and fewer headaches. Moreover, food was no longer prone to soot contamination. There were also improvements in overall environment. The visibility was better as a result of smoke removal (Young, 1994). There was fresh air circulation resulting in refreshed breathing (Ezzati and Kammen, 2001). There was increased opportunity for both the children and the adults. The adults were able to increase their income as less time was spent for ill-health. Childrens grades were also better as a result. Financial aspects also improved (Von et. al., 2002). Kerosene was not used less than before because there was less need for lighting. On the other hand, cooking was done by using daylight instead of artificial light. Food was not rotten as the environment improved. The households became safer as the smoke hoods acted like shields. Thus, the project improved all factors that can influence the health and well-being of the indigenous popula tion. References Abbott, V. (2000). Upesi project cost benefit analysis.Internal document commissioned by ITDG Kenya, July 2000. Albalak, R., Bruce, N., McCracken, J. P., Smith, K. R., De Gallardo, T. (2001). Indoor respirable particulate matter concentrations from an open fire, improved cookstove, and LPG/open fire combination in a rural Guatemalan community.Environmental science technology,35(13), 2650-2655. Ballard-Tremeer, G., Jawurek, H. H. (1996). Comparison of five rural, wood-burning cooking devices: efficiencies and emissions.Biomass and Bioenergy,11(5), 419-430. Ballard-Tremeer, G., Mathee, A. (2000). Review of interventions to reduce the exposure of women and young children to indoor air pollution in developing countries.WHO/USAID consultation on Indoor Air Pollution and Health May, 3-4. BROWN, V. A., RITCHIE, J. E., ROTEM, A. (1992). Health promotion and environmental management: a partnership for the future.Health Promotion International,7(3), 219-230. Bruce, N., Neufeld, L., Boy, E., West, C. (1998). Indoor biofuel air pollution and respiratory health: the role of confounding factors among women in highland Guatemala.International journal of epidemiology,27(3), 454-458. Bruce, N., Perez-Padilla, R., Albalak, R. (2000). Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge.Bulletin of the world health organization,78(9), 1078-1092. Budds, J., Biran, A., Rouse, J. (2001). What's cooking?: a review of the health impacts of indoor air pollution and technical interventions for its reduction. InWELL task(Vol. 512). LSHTM. Duflo, E., Greenstone, M., Hanna, R. (2008). Cooking stoves, indoor air pollution and respiratory health in rural Orissa.Economic and Political Weekly, 71-76. Ezzati, M., Kammen, D. M. (2001). Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion and acute respiratory infections in Kenya: an exposure-response study.The Lancet,358(9282), 619-624. Ezzati, M., Kammen, D. M. (2001). Quantifying the effects of exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion on acute respiratory infections in developing countries.Environmental health perspectives,109(5), 481. Fullerton, D. G., Bruce, N., Gordon, S. B. 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Indoor, outdoor and personal carbon monoxide and particulate levels in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala: characterisation of traditional, improved, and gas stoves in three test homes'.WHO/CHD, Geneva 1996. Parker, E., Baldwin, G., Israel, B., Salinas, M. (2004). Application of health promotion theories and models for environmental health. Health Education Behaviour, 31 (4), 491- 509. Parkes, M., Panelli, R., Weinstein, P. (2003). Converging paradigms for environmental health theory and practice.Environmental Health Perspectives,111(5), 669. Pope, D. P., Mishra, V., Thompson, L., Siddiqui, A. R., Rehfuess, E. A., Weber, M., Bruce, N. G. (2010). Risk of low birth weight and stillbirth associated with indoor air pollution from solid fuel use in developing countries.Epidemiologic reviews,32(1), 70-81. Poverty, A. (2001). World Development Report 2000/2001.Ravi Kanbur and Nora Lustig, Eds. Schulz, A., Northridge, M. E. (2004). Social determinants of health: implications for environmental health promotion.Health Education Behavior,31(4), 455-471. Thomas, A., Allen, T. (Eds.). (2000).Poverty and Development into the 21st Century. Oxford University. Von Schirnding, Y., Bruce, N., Smith, K., Ballard-Tremeer, G., Ezzati, M., Lvovsky, K. (2002).Addressing the Impact of Household Energy and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health of Poor: Implications for Policy Action and Intervention Measures. Geneva: World Health Organization. World Health Organization. (2017).The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/ [Accessed 9 Sep. 2017]. WRI, U. UNDP, World Bank (1998). 1998-99 World Resources: a guide to the global environment.World Resources Institute Oxford University Press. Young, P. (1994). A breath of fresh air for smoky houses' in Boiling Point.