Issue in Contemporary Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issue in contemporaneous Management - Essay ExampleIt is difficult for a small organization to effectively manage, control and set up between different diverse organizations. Moreover, statutory power portion outn to LOCOG regarding ownership, compensation, and regulation is temporary. In other words, LOCOG has to give up all the home facilities developed for the London Olympics later on the Olympics which will definitely reduce their revenues after the London Olympics.Infrastructure development opportunities are immense as part of conducting London Olympics. Development of infrastructure to world-class level will change the face of London city. LOCOG will receive a deal from international Olympics committees broadcasting revenue and also from their own marketing efforts. This revenue piece of tail be utilized for the economic development and regeneration. Increased employment opportunity is another advantage of conducting Olympics in London. The general will also get an oppo rtunity to know more about different finale which will help to grow the English culture.It is impossible to conduct Olympics without causing some inconvenience to the public. just about of the local businesses needed to be displaced to develop infrastructure for the London Olympics. This displaced business groups may engage in legal battle with LOCOG. Infrastructure development to world class standards is a major challenge. Ensuring value for bills and economic benefits to the cost bearing public is another threat to the LOCOG. The public is lavishly extending their support to the Olympics considering a huge return in terms of economic development and infrastructure development. Failure to fulfil the expectations of the public may create problems for LOCOG in future. Stage management and coordination of events are also not an easy labor for LOCOG considering its small structure. Propaganda spreading through media is another threat for this event. Many people are spreading the

Engineering Materials Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Engineering Materials - Coursework ExampleIn addition, glass is very resembling to a slowly moving liquid so that old pieces of glass seem thicker at the backside than at the top. In order to increase the tensile strength of the glass, the molecules must keep very fast(a) hold with one another. Surface finishing and ion-exchange atomic number 18 two chemical processes that are utilise to tone glass heartys (Chemically strengthened glass, 2011). Q3. The Giffiths theory reflects the relationship between crack length at transformation and applied nominal stress. It is a comprehensive equation that can be effectively employed for design purposes. Giffiths theory says that steel is a safer engineering material than glass. It is experimentally proved that the stress call for to fracture a glass is nearly 100 MPa. It indicates that comparatively a smaller stress is nice to fracture a glass and therefore, this material is not advisable for engineering purposes. In contrast, since a higher(prenominal) stress is required to fracture a steel material, it can strengthen buildings and other engineering constructions (Simple Stress). In short, steel is a very stronger material as compared to glass substances. Civil engineers would suggest stronger and durable components for their projects since they are built for a long time.Q4. A metal or any other structural material lead undergo a change in its shape when a sufficient load is applied to it and this change in shape is called deformation. Elastic deformation is a process by which a impermanent shape change. takes place and the material comes to its original shape when the applied force is removed. Plastic deformation will be akin between the elastic limit and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). It means uniform plastic deformation is applicable only between certain limits and it will be non-uniform once the UTS is exceeded. It is simulated that the interface between a larger hole and a smaller hole has a ingest impact on local plastic deformation. The interconnection between the array angle of larger holes and the training of the shear band can greatly influence local plastic deformation (SAO/ NASA ADS physics gazump service). Q5. pencil eraser snap fastener involves flexible molecular chains which need to be interconnected to prevent gliding. (Francois, Pineau, and Zaoui, 1998, p.67). Rubber elasticity necessitates a high temperature in order to ensure the adequate mobility of the molecular chains. Rubber elasticitys entropic nature can be attributed to the large number of possible configurations for the molecular chains. As discussed earlier, good-for-nothing elasticity requires high temperature and it promotes mobility of molecular chains. This feature is one the main causes for rubber elasticity to low secureness and high tension. Q6. The combination of thermosetting resin and glass fibers produces composite materials which are tough even though both the primary elements are brit tle. It is necessary to note that transfer of stress between reinforcing fibers and acting as a glue to hold the fibers together are

Inter Organizational Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inter Organizational Systems - Essay Exampleers has grown tremendously since the initial startup by the United States department of Defense in 1969, growth in Internet has expanded creating new ship canal in which people interact and do business. There is a lot of information obtainable on the internet the information available on websites is make use ofd to serve different audiences, some of it may be helpful for rehunt while other is mere opinions. Therefore, it is upon the viewer to determine how useful the materials they are pursuance on the web are to them.Human beings have a natural liking for beautiful objects in the virtual world the developers of websites realize this inherent human weakness or strength, they utilize it develop a usable and an attractive website. This website http//www.ladpss.org/ is going to be used in evaluating the attractiveness and user-friendliness of a website. An attractive website is nonpareil that has a proper layout it is free from unnecessary advertisements, offers multilingual pages, offering alternative versions of study in formats such as frames or texts amongst other features (Buchanan, 2004).The conventional evaluation technique for attractiveness include the following, First, astute use of color, this should be reflected in color balancing, whereby, pastel colors should have low saturation levels. Secondly, symmetry and mode this implies use of curved shapes which attracts more than rectangles. Third, structure, consistent layout and usage of deepening field -layers this stimulates interest in the user, in addition, background image with low saturated color gives depth to the foreground. Choice of media to attracts attention whereby audio and flick gives an exciting sensation and increase alertness. Finally, using design of unusual or abstract arouses the users imagination (Sutcliffe, 2002).A user-friendly website is defined on user interaction concerning the ease of finding the website through usage of search e ngines, the time the user takes to find the information

Research Methadology Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Methadology - Research Paper ExampleThe strategy entrust ensure a correct criterion has been followed, and a point of need has been established (Hakim, 2012, pg47). A vertical research does not only entail coming up with brilliant ideas which should be implemented but also strive to becoming part of a larger research community, since this is what forms a critical boldness of becoming a good and reliable researcher. Strategically, before researching various sources of evidence, aspects like noting down interesting problems, haphazard ideas, possible solutions, writing notes on the already read papers and references to look up, interesting quotes and outlines of papers to print makes a good strategy that a researcher should use before coming up with in the long run researched paper (Ellis, 2013.p.87). The above strategy is what this paper impresses in arguing about the approach that other state used in doing research on health matters.Critically, several authors have researche d this health topic on. whole of them presented their evidence in a unique and more personal manner. The article the happy meal act the impact of toy premiums on healthy eating among children in Ontario, Canada, marks the first article that touches on the health of children, on the obesity line (Spector, 1998, pg87). As much as the article bears a tiny report, the truth of the matter is that the article relied fully on the evidence read from the children who were assembled practically, and several studies done on them based on food. However, the article gave out a detailed experiment, which showed children who were fed by certain font of food. This limits the true evidence of getting to the bottom root of obesity (Ross, 2012, pg74). Children were supposed to be studying from their framework homes and to school environment so that they can be traced naturally and not supposedly as the authors of the above article did. According to the above article, data

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 47

Reflection topic - Essay Examplea tourism manager in the future, I stooge devise cleanse means and/or give travellers gadgets in which they buns participate their travelling experiences including taking photos and recording videos. The communication presented in this article reflects to my personal travelling experiences, which can be used to formulate tourism caution strategies in future.Heat-Moon ascertains that the American topography is diverse and thus travellers should try and visit the various types of American landscapes. Caputo adds that travelling in America is best experience, compared to other countries (Caputo and Heart-Moon, 2013). In the past two years, I have travelled crossways many part of the country and I have seen that America is gifted with a wide stretch of landscapes. The deserts in New Mexico and mountains in Arizona are incredibly unique and outstanding, compared to other parts of the world. As you travel, you will meet diametrical people who will change your worldviews and perspectives. As Caputo recounts, I can argue that that travelling in America exposes you to different types of social landscapes.The conversation brings forth the aspect of different characteristics of a tourist and a traveller. When you plan to visit places as a tourist, you often use the briny roads and superhighways, as Caputo recounts (Caputo and Heart-Moon, 2013). His colleague adds that a tourist will never use the back roads like the travellers. In the past, my personal travels were not that enjoyable because most of the times we used the main roads. However, when I changed my travel plans and became a traveller, I enjoyed the diverse American landscapes and people. Therefore, its much better to become a traveller rather than a tourist who is always on time budgets and visits specific places. Keeping record helps in deepening the experiences when you share them with your friends and family. Based on the conversation and my personal travelling exp erience, I can advise tourism managers with means

Factors that Influence Consumer Behavior Patterns, when Purchasing Essay

Factors that Influence Consumer Behavior Patterns, when acquire Fashion Items - Essay ExampleThis study reveals a number of factors that do influence the consumer fashion when qualification the buying decision for trend goods. There are a number of factors that have such influence. stopping point is one of those factors. There is a number of such factors such as the subculture, the stage of life, age demographics, the constitution and perception and so on. This research will identify those factors and exploring their impact on the buying decision of the consumers for fashion goods. Cultural influences are powerful ones and if a company does not understand the culture in which a particular market operates, it cannot hope to develop products and market them successfully in that market. Culture affects consumer behavior in a variety of ways. It relates to customs and beliefs that are learned from the society in which an individual grows up. Culture is a huge area of study that oft en has unclear boundaries and fluctuates in degree of influencing consumers. Cultural elements that influence consumer behavior can also be said to be environmental influences. A sub-culture could be defined as a group of individuals whose beliefs, values and behavior differ from that of the predominant culture. Sub-culture plays an important part to marketers because of their influence on brands and types of product and services demanded by their members. This culture is rebelling away from long working hours and heavy television honoring lifestyle. In this alternative culture the interest and participation of extreme sports has merged with music and clothing.

Austism, Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Austism, - Research Paper theoretical accountBut it is known that it affects the information processing in brain by the alteration of nerve cells. Autism has a strong and complex genetic basis, but is unclearly explained as either archaic mutation or rare combination of common genetic variants. In Autism spectrum distract (ASDs) there are three recognized disorder namely Autism disorder, Asperger syndrome, and Pervasive development disorder. Autism disorder ( too called classic autism) It is referred by impaired social interaction & parley and by restricted & repetitive behavior. (CDC, 2011) Asperger syndrome It is referred with delays in cognitive development and spoken communication. This is a miler version of autism and generally the problems of language and intellectual ability improves over time. (CDC, 2011) Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS also called atypical autism) It is referred when both the above mentioned disorders (Asperger syndrom e, Autism disorder) does not meet the full set criteria. For eg. Retts Syndrome (RTT). This has limited effects as compared to a full fledged autism (CDC, 2011). Some of the people suffering from Autism are able to live a regular life, while some require a special back up.

China after World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

China after foundation War II - Essay ExampleWorld War II erased the distinction between civicised and military resources and saw the complete activation of a nations economic, industrial and scientific capabilities for the purposes of cont decision effort near two-thirds of those killed in the war were civilians. This period was the brunt period for the Chinese people. They agonized misery, separations, and dislocations. There had been fret about food, tog and about myriad things. No matter the story begins but it has an elated ending. But until it comes, the Chinese had the emf to smile in the face of hardships and to carry on--a spirit that had fostered them through the affliction of the seven years of this war as it sustained them through the catastrophe of the past. The Chinese rose after each calamity, not hardly unbeaten but also stronger through the discipline of hardships, which, down the centuries, they. China was under the influence of civil war. Across the plains o f Manchuria troops of Chiang Kai-sheks central government were combating for supremacy against the military forces of the Chinese Stalinists. With the generous help of American imperialism, Chiang Kai-shek was succeeded in capturing the strategic town of Szepingkai. Next, the Stalinists were expelled from Changchun, the Manchurian capital. Chiangs forces were being deployed for the stabbing of Harbin, the last important Manchurian urban center in Stalinist hands. The Stalinists had endowed all these cities when they swept into Manchuria from North China in the heat up of withdrawing Soviet troops. Despite the detriment of the predominant cities, Stalinists had corporeal dominant of Manchuria and retained at least three-quarters of this considerable area with its 30 million population. Chiangs control scarcely extended beyond the railroad zones. This was the picture in Manchuria, north of the Great Wall. Meanwhile, fighting between Chiangs troops and Stalinist forces was also under way in the extra-mural province of Jehol, which the Stalinists took over by disarming japanese forces at the time of Japans surrender. There were half-a-dozen fighting fronts approximately the great northern metropolis of Peeping and Tientsin. There had been battles in the neighboring seaboard province of Shantung. Sporadic skirmishing had been fetching place in the central China domains of Kiangsu, Chekiang, Anhwei and Hupeh.This is an old struggle, which has been going on with different degrees of intensity for 18 years. The Stalinists had corroborated a double power in the inner region of China and had mobilized a great tour of the peasantry to their flag. This amplification and broadening of the conflicts resulted into the imperialist war. In the early stages of the Sino-Japanese war the big coastal cities were lost to Japan after bombs and artillery fire had granulated their industries. This was a meticulous clout to the working class. At the end of 1937, after Shanghai had been withdrawn by Chinese troops, the number of factory workers in that city dropped by 90 per cent - from 300,000 to 30,000. The extent of economic restitution emerged under the Japanese occupation results into the drastic adjoin in the number of industrial workers and the number of industrial workers had risen to about 250,000. But from then on, as the China coast pointed to American encirclement, industry was short off the raw materials and foreign markets, power take was decreased, and the internal market dwindle hastily. The manpower of the industrial labor was again declined greatly. Shanghai was Chinas

NO TEXTING ON YOUR CELL PHONE WHILE DRIVING Essay

NO TEXTING ON YOUR cellular telephone PHONE WHILE DRIVING - Essay ExampleSuch interactions bear consequential instances if they are not used in a responsible manner. Texting messages art object parkway has been an on-going debate since number of years. The school of position that disagrees with texting messages while driving consider it so severe that they want the action to be given the attitude of a crime while others take dont give much importance to the issue. In the light of the adverse effects of texting while driving, it should be banned to promote road safety for the people. 2. movement While Texting Driving is a task that requires utmost attention and concentration of the driver. Quick reflexes are lots needed to keep safe from any accident whereas texting messages causes the occupation of ones hand and mind. Caird, Scialfa, Ho and Smiley (2005) stated that texting messages while driving impairs the reflexes and affects the reaction time of the individual thereby maki ng it difficult to acquire control of the vehicle if an unforeseen incident arises. Foundation for Traffic Safety (2009) conducted a survey that cogitate that 9 out of 10 drivers consider texting messages as a danger to themselves and others on the road. It is often turn overd that the exertion of text electronic messaging has been presumed to be dangerous at an unrealistic level since there are legion(predicate) other activities that cause distraction and makes the driver lose focus, for example loud music, attractive billboards and advertisements etc. The reason stands partially valid since the mentioned factors also prove to be a hindrance for a driver. However, none of these mentioned factors restrict the drivers to use his hands, alongside looking at the small screen to read the text. The fear of being ceased by the traffic police often makes the driver keep the phone lower that requires him to bend his head down feather (off the road) to read the message. Needless to s ay, that getting ones head off the road even for a few seconds slew result in life altering situations. Agency Group (2011) reported that well-nigh 5,500 people lost their lives and 0.5 million got severely injured in 2009 in different accidents due to disconcert individuals driving cars. Magid (2009) provided useful information about the level of distractedness that becomes apparent from driving while text messaging such drivers are recorded to depart from their lanes 10 times much than a regular driver. The advocators argue that a trained driver can never be affected with such distractions and is able to take control of the car in all situations even if he is texting. Firstly, some drivers might be skilled enough to handle multitasking while driving but their texting gives a wrong message to the youngsters who are more active in this activity. Magid (2009) quoted some other research findings 46 % of the teenagers accept the fact that they text while driving. Secondly, a skill ed driver might have full control of the car but he cannot judge the level of control that is possessed by some other driver (who might be texting) on the road that might cause turbulence on the road for everyone else. Road safety can only be achieved if all the drivers drive their cars safely, rather than just a few. 3. Conclusion Texting while driving is a dangerous activity that can prove to have consequential factors for others, as well as oneself. The process of texting while driving reduces the reaction time of an individual and affects the individual to make decisions instantly. The advocators of

Taxation - research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

tax - - Research Paper ExampleIt is of the essence(p) to align alimony payments on both parties, in that the make out received by the spouse from the ex is the same. This is advisable to avoid any audit by the IRS.As concern the issue of tenner Smith, its total payment to Judy was $45,000.02, this constituted both child support and unallocated maintenance. However, Adam arrogateed alimony payment of $ 41,695 during that period. Since not all payments made to Judith constitute alimony payment it is thus salutary for the IRS to divide the amount of $41,695 into alimony payment and other payments including child support, thus the amount of alimony claim should be $15,552. Adam should claim this amount from the IRS as tax deductible. To avoid future problems like this it is central to classify the amount of alimony payment from other payments like child support etc. it is important also that both the spouses file separate tax returns as a perquisite to alimony payments. baby suppo rt is never deductible. Since Adams decree provided for both alimony and child support and he paid less than the total required, the payment applies first to child support hence the amount of $26,143and the remain amount is considered alimony

EVALUATING HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EVALUATING HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - Essay ExampleIt aims to establish a more open, flexible and caring management style so that staff will be motivated, real and managed in a way that they can give of their best to support the concerned departments. Good HRM practices argon instrumental in helping achieve departmental objectives and enhance productivity.In the larger interest of a company it is imperative that employees ar taught the nuance of the trade. Personnel with positive attitudes and can lend themselves to the causes argon what arrangements imagine for. HRM is all about this. Employees are taught to be positive, deliver quality imprint, have a sense of humour, and work as a team. Employees should be interested in performing as a team and meet joy in team results, rather than individual accomplishments.The work of HRM is to identify people with such qualities. mental synthesis a team with members with such exemplary qualities mitigate the work of an organisation and they can build a work force that is prepared for the culture one desire (Corporate Culture, Auxillium West -The HR Manager).The above is comfortably illustrated in the way Japanese HRM function in unison with company motives and policies. Strong HRM practices are characterised by an equally strong internal labour market, consultative decision making and enterprise unionism. Such practices, one after another and collectively, encourage the incorporation of employees into the mainstream (The culture of the enterprise). This results in a strong employee-management relationship, leading to employee identification with the firm, and a eminent commitment to innovative production practices that enhance the firms performance. In return the firm or organisation, in information of their work ethics, provides job security and rewards (John Benson and Philippe Debroux, HRM in Japanese Enterprises Trends and Challenges).2.0HRM-An OverviewNo organisation can grow or for that matter, survive without incorporating policies that are pro-human in nature. Functions such as managing cash flow, business transactions, communication, public relations, and production are part of human activities in sustainability and growth of an organisation. Unless human resources are looked after diligently by the organisation managers, the firm is likely to face drawbacks, which could have serious repercussions on the organisation as a whole. It is no secret that humans are the driving force of any establishment, and it is they who possess the drive to make or break an organisation. In lieu of the current market and multi-polar world situation, the work ethics of most organisations are continuously changing. This change not only affects the business but its employees as well. In order to maximize organisational effectiveness, managers must be able to manage employee capabilities, their time, and talent. Human resource management is about employees and organisational goals.In a nutshell, HRM

Does income inequality hurt economic growth Term Paper

Does income inequality hurt economic growth - Term Paper ExampleThe essay upgrade applies the Lorenz Curves model in investigating income distribution in Nigeria and KSA. A deep Lorenz curve implies high train of income inequality in a country. That is the case of Nigeria and KSA.Over the past generations, head ache about rising or high-income inequality curtailed primarily from a credence that it is one-sided. In the contemporary world, however, the sources of concern have shifted. The leading concern now is whether income inequality can hurt economic growth. Similarly, income inequality can also have libelous effects on the outcomes people value, such as education, health, happiness, democracy and many other elements that have mail impacts on economic growth. Current studies indicate that income inequality does not only affect people at the bottom but also affects the nation as a whole. The studies explain that the growing income inequality whitethorn be the reason that inhibi ts economies from recovering from the excessive recession.As per a answer for by OECD, inequality slackens gross domestic product growth through hindering the accumulation of human capital. This trend hurts long-term economic prospects, as tumefy as educational outcomes for persons on the lesser section of a nations income ladder. In its recommendation, the report suggests a check-up against this propensity by capitalizing in education and health (OECD, 2015, p. 1). It also calls for a more compute method of assistance to help reduce inequality without hurting economic growth. Furthermore, OECD established that direct hard cash transfers may not slow down the growth of GDP when these policies are smartly designed, as head as implemented.Depiction based on harmonised data that cover the OECD nations over the past troika decades, the econometric analysis submits that income inequality possesses a negative, as well as statistically significant solve on succeeding growth. In spec ific, the greatest issue is the breach between small income households and the better

Leading change at Corus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leading change at Corus - Essay typeLeadership effort must therefore support and build organization members particularly employees to understand leading agenda in managing change and play their role within the sphere of their activities (Black & Hal 2002, p. 91). Implementing change sometimes choose sense of urgency. Of great importance is to understand change, drivers and barriers of change and identify strategies and initiatives geared towards leading change effectively. This flying field explores and examines changes that have occurred at Corus, how the company has managed them, barriers that have been faced concerning change and reasons for the changes. CorusTata Steel Group is worlds sixth largest producer of mark. Corus forms part of the group in Europe being the second largest producer of steel in Europe with approximately 12 billion annual revenue. Corus produces over 20 million gobs annually in U.K. and in Netherlands. The company has global network of service centres and sales offices employing about 42,000 stave across globe (Corus, 2010). Corus has been a leader in supplying steel to various markets across the globe. desire Products Business is Corus business unit that manufactures steel in France, Scotland and England. The three units produce various steel products that cuckold from wire rod to steel plate to steel cart track. Key markets for the Long Products Business include engineering, construction, mining, machinery, earthmoving equipments, fastening, rail and ship building. day-and-night progress gives business a competitive advantage enabling it to stick beforehand of its competitors and also increase market share. Good use of experience and skills enables organizations to enhance better products and abutes. In the scene of Corus, the company uses continuous improvement to drive new and innovative products development and meet customers needs (Corus, 2010). Continuous improvement practices have enabled Corus to solve problems th at face its steel works and win great contracts. Continuous improvement practices coupled with the dynamic market environment gives forth to new products development and changes in the business process across the companys divisions and department. Corus is thus challenge to come up with a way of managing the necessary change. External environment operated in keeps on changing and businesses are challenged to respond on time and fittingly to the changes faced in order to secure their competitiveness. Change vigilance requires support from various business stakeholders including management, employees, shareholders and suppliers among others. such cooperation ensures that the changes made ride out embedded to the shaping of the firm. In the context of Corus, the company launched a culture throw through the Corus Strip Products or the CSP team in UK (Corus, 2010). This plan focused on change management and was dubbed The Journey. The aims of the company were to address wide busines s challenges and how people carried out work. The plan focused on beliefs and values of the organization members as well as suppliers and partners. The eight core values defined by the plan guides Corus and offer its members the guiding principles. CSP Journey outlined behaviours and values that Corus expected members to follow and encouraged them to remain accountable. Some of the issues the plan aimed at eliminating included tragic accidents occurring on site among other safety and wellness issues. CSP Journey underpins the companys culture and has given Corus U.K. a positive approach.

The need for appropriate performance measures and management has been Essay

The need for distinguish performance measures and management has been a recurring theme in management and accounting over the la - Essay ExampleCurrent paper focuses on the testing of the need for appropriate performance measures and management for organizations operating in the healthc ar industry lineament is make especially to the UK National Health Service. The review of the literature published in the specific field take to the assumption that the performance measures and the management policies currently used by managers in NHS washbowlnot respond to the organizations needs as identified through its daily activities. Moreover, it has been made clear that the above failure is related not only to the external but also to the internal organizational environment referring to employees of all levels. It is suggested that measures are interpreted for the improvement of these policies trying to keep close control on the resources engaged and the time required. 2. mathematica l operation amount and management of hospitals and other healthcare organizations The understanding of the criteria used for measuring the performance of healthcare organizations requires the reference to the characteristics and the needs of performance measurement as a strategic tool for checking the level of achievement of organizational goals. At the same time, reference should be made to the challenges that managers face within modern organizations, as these challenges can negatively affect the quality and the effectiveness of the relevant management practices. All these issues should be also taken into consideration when evaluating the performance measurement and the management policies of NHS. 2.1 Performance measurement and management overview, role One of the get wind characteristics of performance measurement is the feature that the specific activity has different forms across firms of different size of it and culture. This fact is made clear in the study of Taticchi (2010). In the above study emphasis is given on the limited scope of performance measurement in SMEs implying that the effectiveness of performance measurement in queen-sized enterprises is expected to be higher, probably because of the support provided to the individuals involved (Taticchi 2010). On the other hand, the potential barriers that performance measurement systems and plans face in SMEs cannot reduce the value of these systems as key strategic tools. Of course, in large organizations the resources accessible for the development of advanced management and performance measurement plans are significant thus, in organizations of such size the effectiveness of performance measurement methods is expected to be high, a fact that will be taken into consideration further on where the effectiveness of the performance measurement systems used in NHS will be discussed. At this point it would be necessary to refer to the characteristics of performance measurement as part of the st rategic process of organizations in all industries in accordance with Rose (2005) performance measurement is the language of get along with for the organization (Rose 2005 in Taticchi 2010, p.3). In each organization, performance measurement needs to be combined with appropriate management techniques

Business Ethics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12500 words

Business Ethics - Coursework Example1.2.4 Importance of business morals and morality in the working environment 121.3 Problem of Statement 141.4 Purpose of the ingest 141.5 conditional relation of the check 151.6 Scope and limitations 151.7 Definition of terms 151.8 heavyset 17Chapter both 18Literature review 182.1 introduction 182.2 history of the research 182.3 refresh of business Ethics 192.4 Business ethics and profitability242.5 Summary 26Chapter terce27Research methodology 273.1 Introduction273.2 Research methods applied273.2.1 vicenary research methodology 273.2.2 Qualitative research methodology 283.2.3 Justification for using the denary and qualitative research methodology 283.3 Techniques of data charm 283.3.1 Primary data collection protocols 293.3.3 Selected data collection protocols 303.4 Theoretical Framework 303.4.1 Variables used in the study303.4.2 Rationale for selecting and using the variables selected323.5 Research subjects 323.5.1 Research data paramet ers 323.6 calculating the questionnaire 343.6.1 Description of the questionnaire used343.6.2 Categories of the question used 353.6.3 Sources of tuition 363.7 Conducting interviews 36The Research Questionnaire36The interview questions40Questions to the employees40Question to the management413.8.1 Collecting information from previous works 423.8.2 Company reports 423.8.3 Study of governmental guideline and policies 423.9 Summary 42Chapter four 43Results and Discussions 434.1 Results from the questionnaire434.1.1 Size of the firm 434.1.2 Management levels/ schemeal structure 44Figure 4.1 hierarchical organization structure44Figure 4.2 hierarchical organization structure454.1.3 Code of ethics464.1.4 Updating of...Previous study shows that morality and business ethics is not only an important and compulsory part of business success, but in addition a methods of raising cooperation and honesty among its workforce as well as encouraging candor towards the societal and philosophical iss ues to the highest degree the business responsibility in contributing to the community welfare and Environmental preservation.The researcher in this paper studies the morality of business ethics in a profitable organization. The researcher investigative edge is to contain the effects of morality to the triumph of any organization, determine any incentives given to augment morality in the business environ as well as examine whether ethical issues are mandatory and indispensable for the success and operation of any corporation.Qualitative and quantitative research methods are applied to carefully study the business milieu with the view of drawing a conclusive result on the issue. The researcher also formulated questionnaires and relied on first hand information to investigate the complex aspect of morality in business from a multidimensional view.The term business ethics can be defined as accepted or prescribed code of conduct in the business atmosphere. Ethical principles govern the trading operations of the business environment and incorporate all aspects of the industry conduct, conduct of individuals and organizations as a whole.

Woman in Gothic Art Essay Example for Free

Woman in Gothic Art EssayWhen I look at the painting of an nameless gothic woman created by a yet anonymous fine artist, the most prominent emotion that I feel is wonder. I think about the peculiar expressive style that the woman is dressed and the facial features that her painter had given her. I know of current gothic art and gothic apparel yet these do not seem to match this particular painting. I rely that the artist wants to tell me something about the woman it could be her attitude, her position in society, and some other things that were the av periodge during the times that the painting was drawn. It could be that the artist drew the perception of the woman during a particular crown in time for a particular society. That is the primary area that I would corresponding to investigate. I would like to discover what can be drawn from the painting that could be attributed to gothic literature, history, or art that existed during the era when the painting was supposedly created.

Womens Status in Colonial Society Essay Example for Free

Wowork forces Status in colonial Society EssayFor many of the settlers coming to America they, obviously, had formed their own views and beliefs on the world, including the thought on the authority of life and what it was intended to be. For most colonists in America they already shared a uncouth opinion rough women being inferior. However, the value of women has a slight increase due to scarceness. The status of women in the colonies, the roles women had taken with the religion aspect, and the dominated daily chores cognize as womens work would eventually require a second look into the their contributions. Once many colonists became established and figured out the ways to lie in and survive in this New World also came forth many formed opinions on what the bearing of women would be in the colonies. John Winthrop insisted that a womans role was solely to adhere to her husband, pursue his authority and find contentment within this. One Minister even stressed, the woman i s a scant(p) creature not endowed with like strength and constancy of mind. (Tindall and Shi 2010, 113) Due to social custom and wakeless codes women had little to no rights.The few exceptions for women to have any type of right or gain note were if and only, it seemed, family circumstances required a woman to continue on the family reputation, business, or social standing. An example would be Elizabeth Lucas Pinckney (Tindall and Shi 2010, 114) who was highly educated and left to take care of her family while her father was absent. This led her to be known as Americas most enterprising horticulturist. Religion in the colonial period still had similar views about women within the Puritan denomination. As for Puritans they considered women to be weak vessels and also cited biblical passages that god required stainless women to submit to male authority and remain silent in congregational matters. (Tindall and Shi 2010, 115) Unlike quakers, who during this time considered women t o be equal to men and allowed women to have a voice within the community. Women were even allowed to preach within the Quaker religion, but with that, no denomination allowed women to be ordained as ministers. It became apparent by the ministers that woman were the volume of the congregation, which worried them and led them to believe that a feminized church was a church in decline.This was argued by a Boston Minister, Cotton Mather (Tindall and Shi 2010, 115) who proclaimed that women were not the weaker of the switch on, and that childbirth pain woman endured was not as penalisation that woman paid for Eves sinfulness, was in part the reason and motivator for women to commit their lives to Christ. thus showing how he came to this conclusion which was after his observation that there are far more inspired women in the world rather than Godly men. Womens work in the eighteenth century, as for the same in the world today, never seemed to end. During the colonial time womens work included the duties, as some might say, would be to maintain the house, garden and farm. (Tindall and Shi 2010, 117) Other than taking care of the children and men, tending to the garden, cleansing the house and providing three meals for the day, some women went above and beyond their womanly duties.Women also found a way to accumulate the required necessities for living. They would make their own clothing, knit linen and cotton, make quilts, hem sheets, make candles and soap, attraction water and they even chopped wood to ensure that they would have their firewood needed to provide a origin of warmth when the time came. In the southern colonies, female indentured servants worked as field hands, weeding, hoeing and harvesting. (Tindall and Shi 2010, 117) The lack of men and being able to provide the labor needed in the colonies provided an opportunity for many women, despite the laws and conventional beliefs about woman being inferior or incapable.Due to the scarcity of women and the effects it made on creating instability on high orders in the past, led to laws protecting women. Such laws were created for protection from physical abuse, and liberty for divorce. Other laws help maintain control over property they had tended to, property they had earned. While in this era woman played many roles. Showing their strength by doing what was expected and surpassing the superior sex by picking up the slack they always seemed to leave behind. Not only within the colonies, the unearthly conformity they maintained, or the daily tasks they endured for sake of the house hold, they opened a door, made a statement, by executing what needed to be done.BibliographyTindall, George, and David Shi. America A Narrative History. Volume I, 8th Edition.New York W.W. Norton, 2010.

Education Essay Example for Free

Education EssayAs they move into adolescents acquire is obtained from ninefold people including teachers, friends, and even through their surroundings. An ideal education promotes knowledge while incorporating worth(predicate) information that toilet be used to help in everyday life. -Education is the process of acquiring knowledge. True education comes in numerous different forms. Granted it is important to reckon the basic academic courses including reading, writing, arithmetic, science, and social studies which all depart help set a strong foundation for the school-age child.It is equally just as significant that the pedagogue offer alternative information for the thoroughly-being of the student. Education should build not only on the schoolbook that lies within a book, but should also touch base with everyday life. Nutrient plays a rudimentary social occasion in education. For someone to be alert, and attentive in class it is crucial for them to get a healthy m eal to carry the information. There atomic number 18 many ways that administration can help in this matter. For starters, they call for to assure that every student gets a well-balanced breakfast in the cockcrow and a sound lunch in the afternoon.We need to educate students that proper nourishment is a must. every school should have a dietician design a meal plan that revolves around wholesome foods. Each student needs to be taught that good fertilizeing habits are essential to living a healthy life-style and being successful. A lot of health issues could be avoided if school providers taught children at a young age the difference between good foods and bad. Also, by putting the teachings into action and letting the children utilisation fun ways to create healthy dishes with their classmates and scoop an important lesson.So many people eat the wrong foods and suffer tremendously because, they are not amend on the proper foods to consume. Students need to be aware what can ha ppen if they make poor eating choices, and how junk food effects not only their health and weight, but also their mental capabilitys as well. Good eating habits need to be exercised in the lunchroom, as well as the classroom to be fully improve in nutrient. Physical fitness is equally important when speaking upon education.With computers and video games on the rise, it is more probably in todays society for a child to be sitting in presence of one of these devices, then it is for them to be playing outside. While these machines can be great educational tools and raise the mind, they do nothing when it comes to material fitness. Physical education needs to be incorporated in the learning process. Students need to experience the joy associated with exercise. Physical education classes today are either limited or almost non-existent. Students should have a set time everyday for physical education. This will help drive obesity and promote healthy-living.Students need to be expose d to physical hard work and know that it pays off. The rewards associated with physical education are huge. It teaches the student how to get in shape and blockage fit while grammatical construction strength. Physical education gives the student the necessary tools to participate in after school sports as well as exposing them to different activities. By doing so it layers the student in a positive direction, and gives them a wakeful outlook on life. It praises confidence and frowns on laziness. From this class the student will take away the skills necessary to keep their body healthy and trim.It also will build social development with others while edifying them. There is no better way to learn than learning through exposure. The student needs to be taught that a healthy body is equally important to a healthy mind. Education comes in many forms. Home economics at one point in time was quit popular in our school systems. Over the years the budget for this course has dissipated . But there is still great richness for this class, for both boys and girls. It is not out of the ordinary for students in todays generation to graduate steep school, attend college and not know how to function and live as young adults.This course is crucial for instilling the survival skills to transition from living at home with parents, to living on ones own. all in all of the basic household duties should be taught along the lines of learning how to do laundry, sew, and prepare meals. Also how to clean the right way and how to manage a household domestically and financially. These skills will be used in everyday life, and are important to be educated on. Education also means sophistication. Teachers play a huge role in sharing their knowledge through textbooks, and communication. They are truly the key in getting a student interested and excited about learning something new.If the student connects with the instructor it makes it easier to retain the information . We need educators who love their job, and who are happy to pass along valuable teachings. counterbalance when a student gets discouraged, a good educator, who cares, goes beyond there call of duty to make sure the student is grounds the information. Even though they teach the basics courses which include English, Math, Science, and History, education should also give the student options. Being educated means you are well-rounded in different areas. It would be of great value if the student could study more than just the requirements.If they could pick out subjects that interest them, its more likely that they will absorb the information, and be excepting of the learning process. Since one-third of a childs life is spent in a classroom its inevitable that the educator have a great deal of influence on how the student perceives learning. For the instructor its crucial that they find fun ways to motivate the student, while getting their point across. Being creative puts the stu dent a greater advantage because, it stimulates the mind and makes them more willing to retain the facts. Smaller classrooms ensure that the student recieve more one on one attention.It takes a special soul to be an educator, and provide enlightenment so the student can have a fair run into at success. Ultimately it is the individual who will decide what their future holds. Whether they choose to be a stay at home parent, have an office job, or work outdoors, their education is centered around what was intentional in the classroom, and should roll over into their adult lives. Having an education is of great value, and it is that education that strengthens them as a person. It requires dedication, and demand to build on the person you are, and the person that you will become.Every situation and ordeal that a person encounters builds on their character, and their mind growth. Education is knowledge learned from others. There are many people that offer to the learning pr ocess. Of course the obvious is someones family, friends, or teacher , but really anyone who enlightens you into understanding something is educating you. The greatest phenomenon associated with education is that there is always something new to learn. An ideal education incorporates many individuals who share valuable information that can be used in everyday life, while generating options and opportunity for success.

Jc Penny Essay Example for Free

Jc Penny EssayThis is non the first time that this fellowship has been faced with adversity. The first time was in the 1960s when shopping went from downtown locations to more uptown locations in malls. The company transiti whizd to mall locations to cope with the change. This time the change did non aim easy to the company. In fact this change has cost the company millions. This time JC Penneys was faced with a challenge that they precious to change. They wanted to transition the publics perception of them. They no perennial wanted to be viewed as an old fashi wizardd segment store. The company no longer wanted gross revenue or clearance racks.They wanted to change the whole retail climate. They called it fair and squ be pricing (Baskin, 2013). This came eat up a lot equal Wal-Marts al counsellings pitiful expenditures crowd. This sounds like a great inclination to me. However, it failed for many reasons. The main reason because it was confusing to consumers. While the different main reason being suffering marketing. Many people sat in anticipation of this new campaign by JCPenneys. There were still as many supporters in the beginning as well. When I heard of this I cerebration of an upscale Wal-Mart. Low damages I do not have to shop for exchanges anymore because these should be dispirited termss either day.However, very shortly after this I found myself not shopping there at all. Consumers want a channel, and they do not feel that deal when they shop there anymore. It is the thrill of the guide for consumers. Not only that but the gross gross revenue ad and clearance racks used to change. They argon no longer changing prices so there is no need to go daily, weekly, or even monthly. Customers may master there as a way to show case, but they are not buying. Without the sales agreements and without the sale advertisements the company is not bringing in nearly the amount of people that were coming into the store to sexual conquest the best deal.Next the advertisements they are sending out are worded poorly. They are no longer doing sales but they do mail out what they called month long value. Customers did not understand the wording of it. It was neer broken down for them. Ideally they had sales, but they were not called the standard take a shit. indeed, customers missed out on them and they were not bringing in the clientele like a sale probably would have. They were not able to bosom JC Penneys new tactic. Another problem with this campaign is that the average consumer does not know what the clothing costs. Therefore they think it should be or could be marked down.They have no idea if they were getting a good deal or not. Again the thrill of the hunt is gone, and still makes the customers confused. It was confusing to customers and that means there is a problem in marketing. When a place makes changes that could potentially be confusing marketing is the key. However, there advertisements were so irreverent that they make even less sense to begin with. They came up with a campaign after their numbers dropped called do the math. It was supposed to show how much easier it is to just get a low price in the beginning rather than use a coupon. This action failed for the company.The CEO Ron Johnson came out and account later that it was confusing to some of their consumers (Baskin, 2013). Its no wonder that they lost customers. They did not target other competitors about their prices just what the company was trying to do. Last but not least they attempted to pass on little stores inside their stores. It was a Martha Stewart collection like IKEA. Even that failed because Martha Stewart was not able to put her cite on it, because she was still in litigation over her brand. So, it was still branded as JC Penneys. Not that the name would have made much difference, but it was not thoroughly hought out within the company. Also, this is not a new tactic stores have been doing thi s for years. The renovation of the stores to add in this small store was costly. It has cost the company millions of dollars. It has depleted their cash, and has as well as caused their credit rating to drop (Baskin, 2013). This was a costly decision to make when sales were already down. Here is the largest problem that they had they wanted become a high end store in a low end economy. If I were the CEO of JC Penney I would make quite a a few(prenominal) changes. My first change would have been to go back to traditional wording for now.These are the words that customers are the most familiar with. I understand that some companies like to do all their changes at once because it is cheaper. However, when you are changing familiar terms it is wise to do it slowly. Or at least let off it as thoroughly as possible. Change is needed as a society, but no one likes change, because of this I feel that they should be done slowly and over a period of time. I would also have changed the pri ce tags on their merchandise. In order to make someone feel like they are getting a deal I would change how they were priced.I would put a suggested retail price and then put our price on the label. This would appear to customers that they were getting a deal. gross sales are because the prices are higher than what they need to be. The advertising is all about trickery to pull people in. In honesty they were still doing sales but they were not called sales, and people did not buy into it. By changing the price tags on the items the customers are still getting the thrill of the buy. They can see what their item is going for at their competitors location, and impulse buy. This helps eliminate showroom shopping.Or leaving to check their prices somewhere else. If it is a matter of a few dollars they will not go back to purchase. However, if they can see the deal they will buy. Instead of focusing on expanding a agate line inside of an already expanding business I would have spent the bullion elsewhere. Imagine if they could have established new rules for buyers. Gone back to JC Penneys original roots and prove their claims. It could have created new financing and lay-away policies that communicated value, and used social media to create significant communities of consumers who wanted to track and participate in conversations about prices.Employees could have been recruited and trained to offer a fundamentally new customer experience based on integrity. They could have changed the way Americans shop and feel they should stop. I would not have wasted money on an advertisement that was bewildering. I would have spent money marketing on calling competitors out on their prices. Sharing the news on how Penneys was changing. How they were send on looking. Instead of making confusing ads with no sales just to avoid the word sale I wouldnt have tried to stay away from it.Since they were still doing sales but not doing sales on certain items. Limiting the sales option s were not the problem the problem was using unfamiliar wording. measuring some of these techniques could be hard to do. Going back to traditional wording would be one way that is hard to track. However, I believe it would go hand in hand with how you would track the new price tags. That would be sales. With these new changes and advertisements I would think that sales would increase. I would not look at the veritable accounting book but do a twelve month comparison on the sales on each individual store.This is time consuming and costly but I think it is the only way to see how each store is doing in comparison to how they were doing the previous month and year. During high sale times I would make sure I would have as much staff as possible on the floor to assist our customers. Maybe they do not need help but a casual conversation can lead into why they came into this department store and not the one across the way. Along with this I would like to institute team meetings once a we ek where department intellects meet with their front line employees on all shifts. To find out their ideas and where they are hearing concerns are. then(prenominal) I would have them write them up and do a teleconference with each store head to hear these ideas, questions, or concerns. I feel this is an open door policy. I would also include confidential information boxes not only in the store, but in the break room for employees so they could bring these up anonymously if they felt the need to. Also, I would work on getting the contact information to employees for everyone in charge. Change can happen and many great ideas come from the front line, because they see and do it every day. However, their voices are not often heard.To measure the effectiveness of advertising I would do a few things. I would add a survey at the end of their receipt to figure out what they thought about the advertisement. I would also add a quick questionnaire in the store that the customer could engorg e out. I would also make it known that there is a number they can call at any time with questions. I would make it so that they could be heard with questions and concerns. Before I launched a campaign I would have a test market so that we could see what people could mobilize from the add, as well as find out if there was any confusion on what may have been advertised.The sales would play a large part also in whether it was an effective campaign. A company that has been operating for 100 years is struggling. JC Penney s was once a fashion icon to children, green adults, and teens. Beginning in 1913 it currently operates over 1000 stores. Growing up my sister and I waited to go through their catalogue. However, in the last few years something has changed. The company didnt look far plenty ahead to the future to predict these changes. They tried to become a higher end boutique like store in an economy that could not support it.Poor marketing and too many changes has made this one bo oming store one of the top ten stores that are predicted to be out of business in the next year. Works Cited Baskin, J. (2013, January 2). Lessons From JC Penneys Doomed Marketing Makeover. Retrieved May 12, 2013 , from Forbes http//www. forbes. com/sites/jonathansalembaskin/2013/01/02/lessons-from-j-c-penneys-doomed-marketing-makeover/ Tuttle, B. (2012, June 19). More Troubles for JCPenney Top Executive Departs Amid Sales Slump. Retrieved May 12, 2013, from Time Magazine http//business. time. com/2012/06/19/more-troubles-for-jcpenney-top-executive-departs-amid-sales-slump/

Fascinating Moment Essay Example for Free

Fascinating Moment EssayMiller successfully makes the Vinny Bolzano stage a delightful moment to re crouch to by c arfully planning the plot of the run. In the beginning, because Eddie told the story of Vinny Bolzano, we believe that no matter how much he hates the cousins, he wouldnt do anything like Vinny because of his belief in dedication to family and the community. However, still in the first place he leaves Alfieris office, we plan the ph unmatched-booth gradually light up, symbolizing the triumph of Eddies hopelessness over his conscience as he contemplates the liking of snitching to the Immigration Bureau. Earlier in the play, Eddie shows his belief in the unspoken code of honour and Italian justice when he tells Catherine the story of Vinny Bolzano to warn her about snitching on Marco and Rodolfo and the consequences, and is really particular on pointing out how no one should k straightway that they are harbouring illegal immigrants. The story of Vinny is non me assert that of a young boy who betrays his own uncle to the authorities. It also goes to show the price he has to pay for that betrayal. He is humiliated in the street by his own parents and he leaves his house neer to be heard of again.The fact that Eddie does the exact same thing of which he has spoken with such detestation is ironic, but for the audience who were warned at the start of the play it is dramatic irony. Eddie forgot the paroles which he made very clear to Catherine, you can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word that you gave away. His words foreshadow his own destruction. Now he finds this saying to be true his feigned repulsion on finding the Liparis have relatives sharing with Marco and Rodolfo, and his suggestion that they are being tracked, coming just before the immigration officers arrive, is a giveaway. It is also made to a greater extent of a community issue because today he hasnt just snitched on his own family but also on the Liparis. Lipari and his wife, Louis and Mike, the stage representatives of the wider community, one by one leave Eddie alone, symbolizing his isolation.Both Catherine and Beatrice are speechless with shock when they realise what Eddie has done, and immediately, their credit of him changes from love to hate. Miller uses Beatrices unbelieving Oh, my God, my God to show that even she, who had stood by and supported Eddie, had now makeed against him.To add further insult to injury, Marco later spits in Eddies face, and is then carried away before Eddie can retaliate. This sequence of events further degrades Eddies character, and will lead to his end being far more tragic, as he is deserted, disgraced and angry at how he thinks his good intentions are being misinterpreted and thrown and twisted back in his face.The climax of the play is a showdown and it clearly shows the ignominious consequences that Eddie brought upon himself. Marco believes it is dishonourable to let Eddie live, b ut has given his word not to kill him. Eddie pulling a knife out way of life that Marco can see justice done, while keeping his word. Again the action is symbolic of the plays deeper meaning. Eddie literally dies by his own hand, which holds the knife, and is killed by his own weapon but Eddie also metaphorically destroys himself, over the whole class of the play. And this is what Alfieri introduces to at the plays opening the sight of a man destroying himself, while those around him are as nerveless as a theatre audience to prevent it.Alfieris speech at the beginning begins by introducing a lot of concepts which are explored later in the play. He begins with a speech on lawyers and the distrust that originates from it, You see how uneasily they nod to me? Thats because I am a lawyer a lawyer means the law, and in Sicily the law has not been a friendly idea. Both Eddie and Marco allow their personal feelings to affect their idea of justice.They are not tough enough to take an o bjective view. We see that Alfieri is right, people are not strong enough to execute true justice, their desires and feeling always take a part. This is why it is better to rely on the law, which although flawed offers an objective view. We can see later in the play that both Eddie and Marco turn to the law for help, but the law lets them down, You mean to tell me that theres no law that a guy which he aint right can go to work and marry a girl and ?. These two parts of the play link to show us that the law will often clash with loyalty, and when something interferes with loyalty, one often has to turn to the law for help however, the law may often deal with the problems too severely. We can see this by the drastic action that Eddie has to take to remove Rodolfo from Catherines love.Alfieri says This is not God only God makes justice. The idea that the corporate federal law is inadequate comes out in a few places in the play. cardinal example is when Marco is in jail and talks to Alfieri about what will happen to Eddie. Marco says all the law is not in a book. This tells us that Italians have many different rules to Americans to do with punishment and believe in getting justice rather than abiding by the law. With this, Miller tries to show the culture clash as Americans believe more in law whereas the Italians believe in justice.Justice is a very principal(prenominal) because it links in with honour. Honour is shown to be very important, especially to the male characters. It means far more to them than the law. To be honourable is to be respected. If you do anything dishonourable, you lose respect. That is why Marco and Eddie are so keen to foster their names and get a just conclusion. Codes of honour bind families and the whole neighbourhood with a find of community. Everyone should look out for one another, to betray someone is the most dishonourable action imaginable.

Love Jones Review Essay Example for Free

go to sleep Jones Review EssayThe consummate ladies man, Darius silky smooth presentation romises much sell than substance. And Ninas recently Jilted heart isnt looking for anymore of loves kind of trouble. love Jones begins with Nina and her good missy Josie Nichols (Lisa Nicole Carson) packing up whats left of Ninas disappointing relationship. Fearful that the scars left from this failed romance may be excessively deep for her to heal, Josie takes her to a night-time poetry-slam at the Sanctuary, where she encounters Darius for the first time. The Sanctuary is the local perplexn where poetry is the prime draw, and a favorite night spot for Darius and his friends Savon Garrison (Isaiah Washington), Eddie Coles Leonard Roberts), Sheila Downes (Bernadette Clark, and Hollywood (Bill Bellamy). The romance dies between couples, we overhear Darius coition his friends from his apt set, because theyVe (people) given up on the possibility of it. In an awkward introduction at the bar, Nina catches Darius off-guard and, uncharacteristically, he fumbles and spills his beverage on her.He recovers minutes later w hen called to the stage to recite one of his poems. He throw aways the most of the split second by calling his sensuous creation A Blues for Nina. Flattered but embarrassed, she informs him in drift of his friends that thither be opics for poetry former(a) than sex. When he asks her to name one, she writes the word love on his hand. Everyone is impressed oddly Darius. Darius runs into Nina at a record store managed by his friend, Sheila. She is there because she has Just been fired from her Job as a photographers assistant and desperately needs to hear the Isley Brothers.When Darius approaches her, she acts as thought she vaguely remembers his name. Darius seizes the opportunity though, by wagering her a tender rendition of Parkers Mood. While Nina remains unreceptive at that point, she finally buckles and agrees to a date when Darius ppears, u nannounced at her door presenting the very CD she had been looking for at the record store. He bribed Sheila so he could get her address and phone number off of the check she used to lucre for a CD.His persistence pays off when a romantic statement l Just want to deduct up and talk leads to a passionate night at her flatcar. The next morning, Darius and Nina confide in their respective(prenominal) friends Savon and Josie that, in spite of the incredible sex, It aint no love thing, they Just kickin it. Unfortunately, these two individuals arent exactly the best advisors they could have ound Josie is course down on men and lives her life vicariously through Nina, and Savon is mired in the problems of his eight- grade espousal (his wife left him and took their son).But Darius is getting interested. He even reveals to Nina the sacred location of the Batcave (his apartment), where some enkindle foreplay ensues when she whips discover her camera and tells Darius to take off his c lothes. The romance advances. Then, out of the blue, Marvin Cox (Khalil Kain), Ninas former fiance, shows up asking her for a second chance. At Josies suggestion, Nina uses the offer to test Darius Will he be Jealous, or coolly let her go? Darius pretends not to care, of course, and Nina moves to New York to see if she should resume her relationship with Marvin.Inevitably, Marvin and Ninas differences are irreconcilable, and Nina returns the designation ring and then heads back to Chicago. Hoping to reconnect with Darius, Nina and Josie go to the Sanctuary, to no avail. Darius has settled down with a new girlfriend, Lisa Oacqueline Fleming). Enter, Hollywood, whose couthie competition with Darius enables him to sense a prime opportunity for one-upmanship. Wood stops by the portrait studio where Nina now works to cheer her up. Tensions run high when Wood brings Nina to Sheilas house for a party that he knows Darius will be attending.Nina, feeling like a pawn in a bad grainy of m ale egos, asks Wood to take her home. He refuses and Darius comes to her rescue. Its their first meeting since she went to New York. She confesses she still has feeling for him, and he assures her that Lisa means nothing to him. Swooning, they make up and head for a date at the famous Blackstone Hotel. There, legendary Chicago DJ Herb Kent is hosting a steppers ball, featuring the inimitable dance style popular in Chicago. On the floor, Nina and Darius become a eam again. The fire is relit as they complete the evening with a wet, but romantic notch around Buckingham Fountain.Nina starts to inherit habits from Darius and vica versa. She starts smoking and develops a love for poetry. In return, he develops an eye for photography. But presently after their reconciliation everything starts to crumble. Nina finds Lisas telephone number around Darius apartment, and he gets the occasional Sam call that takes him out of the room. The issue of distrust rears its ugly head. Darius tries to smooth things over by whipping out her camera and telling her to take her clothes off, as she id in an earlier scene.But it is too late. Come get your things from my apartment why would you be with someone you dont trust? The scene ends with Nina returning the key. Because of a Job offer from oscillation magazine in New York, Nina decides to move. Josie, serving as a averse(p) Cupid, intercedes by telling Darius of Ninas plans. He takes the cue and makes a gallant but futile effort to talk to Nina before she leaves. A year later, his book has been published, her career is off and running and Nina has been sent to Chicago to shot a Michael Jordan layout.Looking in vain for Darius t the Sanctuary, Nina takes the stage to recite a poem of her own. Startled, Darius turns and listens to her recital, which is about love remembered. Funny what you screwing do in front of a room full of people, she says, and screwingt do in front of one person. The movie ends with Nina leaving the Sa nctuary and seeing Darius outside. Darius starts off by saying, Longtime no see. I enjoyed your poem. Nina, there have been mistakes on both sides and I apologize for my part. I want to put the foregone in the past. Once again your timing couldnt be worse you always want what you want hen you want it why is everything so urgent, Nina says. Nina, this here, right now, at this very moment, is all that matters to me. I love you and thats urgent like a mother fucker. love Jones shows that love can be inconvenient. It encourages everyone to approach love the way Nina and Darius do scared, awkward, and even sometimes alone. Theres the obligatory handful of tragic misunderstandings, prideful arguments, over-orchestrated sex scenes, and betrayal and reconciliations. ove Jones move back, allowing its characters to closely examine what is happening to them. They analyze their own instincts wonder about each others feelings and even spell little traps to reveal the others true intentions Nina and Darius relationship is built upon the use of some key things sex and sexual invitations, pick-up lines and relationship openers, music and poetry, the actions of all the movies characters, friends being confidants and advisors, and the use of Baxters techniques to acquire information about the relationship play vital roles.Their relationship proves that the movement in and out of the interaction stages is not set in stone. The stages correct to your situation. Nina and Darius seem to ollow this type of pattern initiating, experimenting, intensifying, terminating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, bonding, stagnating, terminating, and initiating. They are also struggle with the roles society has laid out for women and men. And are both trying to fgure out how to play without getting played.Theyre both secretly wondering how you get beyond playing and move on to the love. When youre in your twenties, as Nina and Darius were, loving someone outside your friends and family can seem like a task for Mother Theresa. We twenty- somethings have been unleashed from our parents and the chances to experience exual encounters of all sorts are numerous. But flirting and playing is one thing. Building relationships with the human objects of our desires is a challenge that many of us fail at miserably.At one point in the movie, Darius asks his married friend Savon if he believes in the concept of soulmates. Savons retort is that it depends on what day you ask him. Youre with who youre with, he says. Love and marriage are pretty much what you make of them. love Jones doesnt fully answer the soulmate question. In the end, we are only promised that Nina and Darius will be together as long as their belief in he possibility of romance lasts. eeting in a bar, the reluctant coupling, the Jealously and conflict, even a mad rush by one lover to stop the other from leaving on a train. love Jones showed me that there is Just no way around it Love between a man and a woman is hard work. A conscious effort to revive to the opposite sex is whats needed if were going to get the satisfaction we crave from that someone special. Our twenties can be about a lot more than simply getting our groove on. We can shape up lives with people while we are enjoying the fresh experiences we are having in our youth.

Close Adoption vs Open Adoption Essay Example for Free

Close Adoption vs Open Adoption EssayThe notion of word virtuoso was not legally recognized in the United States until the 1850s, with the inception of the first toleration laws. piece transfers of electric razorren to substitute p atomic number 18nts or now known as foster p arnts had occurred informally since American colonial times, acceptation laws legitimized the informal surrogate arrangements which previously existed. There are now two different forms of adopting a chela spread out or unsympathetic sufferances. Although there are two options for adoption, all adoptions should be considered closed until an adoptee is 21. The adoption make for closed adoptions differs from the open adoption process and has more benefits. The open adoption process, is in which the foster parents actually meet and usually stay in touch with the bloodlineparents. Birthparents voice in choosing their peasants choose parents. two open adoption and closed adoption use agencies or a lawyer, but in open adoption the agency gives the cedeparents biographies of prospective adoptive parents, and the abideparents pick the family they are most comfort sufficient with or sink in (Winerip 1).Compared to closed adoption, the prospective adoptive family would put their name on a list, and wait for the social thespian to make a match. This doesnt involve the need of personalities between families to match, just the emf factor of a good electric razor support system which is the most important aspect. Conversely, if they want a closed adoption, they shouldnt be pressured into an open adoption because adopters whitethorn find it harder to fulfill their side of the agreement such as sending the birthmother photos or visiting (Family Education 2).Also, in open adoption the birthparents and adoptive parents meet, and might be in touch frequently during the pregnancy while closed adoption the adoptive parents didnt know where the kidskin came from, or who his or her b irthparents were which gives them more of sense that the kid belongs to them and deserves all their love as if it was given birth by the adoptive mother. Many times the adoptive parents in an open adoption are able to witness their childs birth and some of these families stay in touch through their adoption agency, especially on birthdays and holidays.Others become friends or create somewhat of an lengthy family. During closed adoption however, there is no while away between birth and adoptive families. This gives both families a sense of closure. Through the closed adoption process no identifying information is provided, giving a type of curiosity back to the adoptive parents on what their child whitethorn look like instead of seeing the birth mother and assuming that that child pass on look like her. They are only given non-identifying information (e. g. , height in the birth family, potential hair color, medical history, ect. is provided through the third party such as the a gency or attorney.When adoptions are closed, the files are usually physically sealed until the age of 21 to the adoptee and the adoptive parents giving everyone a sense of closure (Thompson 1). Closed adoption and open adoption have a key difference including the affaire of the birthparents from their point of view that is more beneficial when the adoption is closed. Open adoption birth parents experience a sense of less guilt as a benefit (Gray 27) of the adoption but what benefit does the child rear?Adoption should be more for the child and less for the birth parents emotional ground. But closed adoption does give the birth parents privacy because placing a child for adoption is an extremely sensitive and defenseless choice. Having a closed adoption creates an opportunity for a stronger sense of privacy, (N. A. I. C. H. 1) and it can also reduce idolize because some birth mothers are concerned about explaining their choice, and a closed adoption serves as a way to pr crimsont them from a confrontation with a child placed for adoption (N. A. I. C. H. 1).Closed adoption rids the birth parents of the responsibility they were not ready for in the first place and gives the child a line up at a better life with more responsible individuals. In some cases, closed adoption kills two birds with one stone by riding a birth parent of the embarrassment of not being prepared or financially stable for a child while giving the adoptive child a chance for a better life with an adoptive family that is looking for a child to give love and a good life too. Closed adoption is more beneficial from the adopted parents viewpoint rather than open adoption.Open adoption gives the birth parents the option to demand wants of the adoptive parents and those demands may cross boundaries. In a sense, an adoptive family may get the feeling of affirmation- As an adoptive family, you may experience a sense of empowerment or encouragement knowing that you were chosen as the adoptive fam ily (N. A. I. C. H. 2) but birth parents may still want to be in the adoptees life as extended family but two moms and two dads? Would that not abash a small child? With closed adoption, the adoptive parents have full responsibility and there is no answering to birth parents or any fuzzy oundaries of rules and expectations for a child such as birth parent interference or co-parenting concerns (N. A. I. C. H. 1).The adoptive family is given the full privilege of raising their adoptive child how they would like to and family freedom- if the birth families are not involved, the adoptive family is free to have their family time without restraints of visitations and on-going communication (N. A. I. C. H. 1). It is even up to the adoptive family to decide to tell child that he/she is adopted.Closed adoption is safer for the adoptive child rather than open adoption and has more benefits. Open adoptions give the child his/her identity and suppose that by chance the birth parents are pro perly functioning human beings, which would give the adopted child an extended family that was healthy (American Pregnancy Association 1). On the other hand though, what if the child doesnt give care to know their birth parents because he/she was adopted or their birth parents have issues or mental problems that are not healthy for the child to be around or interact with? Closed adoption eliminates these possibilities.Unless the adoptive child specifically asks who they really are, the child could be completely fine without knowing theyre adopted and have a normal family with one mom and one dad. More often than none, the adoptees birth parents give them up for adoption for a reason. This includes the possibilities of an unplanned pregnancy, lacking financially, or just simply arent ready for the responsibility. The purpose of adoption is to give the adoptee a better life than it wouldve originally had. In the end, the child still has the option of finding their birth parents recor ds when they are of the age to legally obtain that information.

IT Applications and Groupware Essay Example for Free

IT Applications and Groupware moveGroupware Technology uses software that collaborate the naturalize of different groups. It is based on internal net lives and centralized memory board space. The purpose is to facilitate fast communication without physical contact. Groupware includes email, take a crapflow, calendaring, instant messaging and conferencing.Implementation StrategiesThe three principal(prenominal) strategies for effective implementation and use of groupware are as followsUnderstanding the Organizational RequirementsThis is the most important area for implementation some(prenominal) applied science or group in an agreement. Different makeups require different groupware products as they have different requirements. (Hills) A groupware that is good for one organization might turn out to be a disaster for another. Therefore it is necessary to understand the requirements of the organization earlier implementing any new engine room. This involves the story o f underlying business processes and work flows, mapping them and then get wording gaps and areas which need improvement or need to be automated. The goals of the company, its organization structure and size are important factors in evaluating what is best for the company. Large companies with great t eachy of employees require higher level of collaboration as compared to small companies and therefore need more quadruplex applied science. The communication structure within the organization is overly an important factor. Some organizations follow a inflexible and formal structure of conversing while others rely on less formal way. Thus the communication direction needs to be understood before implementing engineering to automate it. Lastly the new technology moldiness blend well with the existing systems.Most of the organization do not follow a overlap culture and people the likes of to work independently and are reluctant to share randomness. Implementing Groupware technolo gy in such an organization will not be effective as people would oppose any change that will be threat to their existing culture. The solution lies in first changing the organization culture and then implementing the new technology. The company should promote a collaborative culture that encourages people to work in teams and share their work and ideas. (Hills)Managing and Training pluralityPeople are an important asset of any organization. If their needs and requirements are not satisfied then any change introduced in bound to fail. Unless the technology is accepted by the users, any investment in that technology would be a complete failure. People usually oppose change because they like doing the things they have always been done. Therefore it is important to understand their concerns, problems and interactions before implementing the groupware technology. They need to be assured that the new technology is not to replace them but to make their work more efficient and fast. Emplo yees most fear the loss of control and privacy as groupware makes everything available to everyone finished a centralized system. These fears bottom of the inning be overcome by making people a disunite of implementation process and involving them as much as possible. Moreover people do not like to follow standard operating procedure and follow the more convenient methods. Thus the actual work practices need to be studied and incorporated in the groupware systems. (Hills)The success of any investment in technology depends on how readily it is accepted by the users. Therefore whenever a new technology is introduced the user must(prenominal)(prenominal) be trained to use it. They must be made to feel secure and assured that the technology is to improve their work. Organizations must hold training and interview sessions to cover all their needs and to involve them in the implementation process as much as possible. The purpose and benefits of the new groupware technology must be we ll communicated.3. Using the Right Technology and ToolsOnce the organization and people requirements are well understood, the organization knows which technology is suitable for them. barely other than the organizational structure and people, the technology cornerstone of the organization is likewise an important factor. There are four main factors to consider Internal Ne iirk StructureThe groupware technology is meant to provide a shared surroundings through collaboration and therefore require good grounds of the existing network technology. Network delays, User interface, audio/video quality, notifications and concurrency control are vital considerations since they all affect the user experience. (Brinck, 1998)If the existing Networks of the company are not up to the standard and face colossal delays and suffer from slow response cartridge holder then implementing any new technology would do no good but will actually make things worse. Therefore organizations must upgrade t heir technology basis including internal networks to utilize full benefit of the new technology. Collaborative toolsOne of the challenges in the collaborative environment is the tracking of shared accounts. In a shared environment documents are used by binary people and there exist multiple copies of the same document in different places. This makes hard to identify which the final version of the document. So Tracking and Version Control tools in groupware keep a evince of all changes in a document and present the user with one final version. Features like digital Signatures also help in tracking documents by storing education about who holds the document at what time and what changes were made. (Miller, 2005) Maintaining Privacy and ControlSince collaborative systems allow sharing of information, thus Privacy and Security are the two major challenges faced by organizations implementing groupware. However some information is private and needs to be protected. The collaborative environment of groupware technology allows all information to be available to everyone at all time. This may overhaul to unlicenced access of information. One way to protect confidential information is to gives users control over what information they want to share. Also enforcing controls over what information a user can view saves private information to be seen by users who do not require it. (Brinck , 1998) Consistency and ConcurrencyIn groupware systems, one document is viewed by multiple users. Therefore it is important that consistency is maintained and all users view the same type of information. For prototype if one user has red color for a particular document and the other user has a blue color for the same document then this will create confusion. All users must be view the same data. To avoid this misunderstanding users must now what information is private and what information is shared. It is also important that users are provided customized view as all users dont req uire everything. However customization requirements must not conflict with consistency. Every user must know how others are viewing the information. (Brinck, 1998)Concurrency is coordinating multiple tasks that are done at the same time. In a shared environment one document can be accessed by multiple users. This causes problems like one someone accessing the document for all the time, unauthorized access and conflicting changes made by all users. To avoid such issues techniques like floor control, fasten and merging is used. In this only one person can control over who accesses the document and for what time. The person who wants to access the document locks it so that other users can just view it without modifying. Similarly all users can edit the document during the time it is locked with them. In the end all the changes by different users are incorporated together so that the users have one final document at the end. (Brinck, 1998)ConclusionTechnology infrastructure including the internal networks of the organization is importantissue that needs attention for any new technology implementation. However the social impactcannot be ignored. It is highly required for successful implementation that the technology fulfillsthe needs of users and is accepted by them.

Compare and contrast at least three of Fanthorpes poems Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast at least threesome of Fanthorpes poesys EssayFour of Fanthorpes poems, well(p) Mr. Lee, Youll Be Hearing From Us Shortly, Half Past Two and Not My stovepipe incline whole(prenominal) have things in common however on different subjects. In her poems, Fanthorpe challenges our views particularly on stereotypes and prejudices both traditional and modern.The serious point of proficient Mr. Lee is to get across that looking at writing, so intensely can ruin the original idea the writer had. Some pieces of writing should just be read and enjoyed. Fanthorpe as a teacher often has to take apart pieces of work and analyse them yet she seems in this poem to disagree with the over analysing of writing. in addition corresponding in all four of these poems is the structure. tout ensemble are indite as prose, the most obvious prose like poem is Dear Mr. Lee. It seems to be written as a letter by a student who has read Mr. Lees book. Yet looking notwithstand ing into the poem the reader discovers that it is actually written as the thoughts of the student. The compositionner the student talks about and criticises the teacher. Mr. expert is my least favourite person and Mr. Smart has to explain why theyre jokes are good specimens of thoughts. Dear Mr. Lees lines closedown at random, which is odd for a poem, rhythm and pattern are not present and generally the poem has no traditional poetry techniques such as alliteration, onomatopoeia and rhyme. Also not all the lines begin with capital letters, which is truly strange for a poem.I wanted to say Dear Laurie (sorry) your booksthe one that made up for the other,The poem seems to be unplanned and has no apparent structure, using random line distances, and in like manner it seems to be this way because of the line beginning without capitals, which makes it, look messy and unplanned.Dear Mr. Lee is trying to get across a point that criticises the studying of writing whereas Not My dre ss hat Side challenges the use of stereotypes both traditional and modern. St George is a critic reading the poem making his objections to it, complaining about the way the new characters differ from the traditional or stereotypes. Dont you want to carry out the roles that sociology and myth have designed for you? Not My Best Side is more tongue and cheek than Dear Mr. Lee in the way it makes fun of the stereotypes.In some(prenominal) stories involving dragons, the dragon is often fierce and often the bad guy. Fanthorpe has made fun of this and made the dragon totally the opposite vain, proud, patronising and feels he is superior. He is a prima donna. The woman is not beautiful, helpless and satisfying to the hero. She is self-centred, and a gold-digger. Then there is St. George who is supposed to be brave, handsome and modest. Fanthorpes St. George is a modern day man with a huge ego.Not My Best Side overly appears to be written as prose. Also it lacks traditional poetry techniq ues, as does Dear Mr. Lee. The lines seem to end randomly, and yet again there is also the use of brackets as afterthoughts, which are found, for the same reason in Dear Mr. Lee.Unlike Not My Best Side, Half Past Two may be written from a personal experience. From her experiences Fanthorpe tries to get across that there are different kinds of metre. Fanthorpe uses the child to represent the first kind of time Events that the child remembers or has picked up. The child does not know adult time and so uses events in the day as time. For example Gettinguptime, and Timeyouwereofftime. The second time portrayed is real time. This type of time is the day divided up by the clock in hours and minutes. The third of time is hang time. This is the type of time the child is in when he daydreams and drifts off into his own world. As he doesnt understand the adult time he goes into his own suspended time to escape.In Not My Best Side, Fanthorpe introduces three voices that divide the poem and s how the reader who is speaking. This also appears in Half Past Two. There is the narrator, the teacher and the child. These three voices appear randomly within the stanzas whereas the three voices in Not My Best Side are used to divide the poem into stanzas. Like Dear Mr. Lee and Not My Best Side, Half Past Two is also written as prose. The randomly ending lines and use of brackets, also used in both Dear Mr. Lee and Not My Best Side emphasise the writing as prose. The brackets in Half Past Two represent afterthoughts, similar to Dear Mr. Lee and Not My Best Side.All of Fanthorpes poems seem to involve thoughts of someone, concerned about all that occurs in their own head. Maybe this person is Fanthorpe herself. Therefore the poems would be written about self-experiences. For example, the views of the Dragon, Princess, Knight, the suspended time of the child and the thoughts of the interviewee could all be taken as Fanthorpes own thoughts. Fanthorpes poems are idiosyncratic, all hav e a lose structure, the line endings are odd and stanza lengths are also all different. Her poetry is written primarily as prose and is easy to tell why, the use of brackets mid line to represent after thoughts and different length structure makes the poems look like prose writing. This is typical of Fanthorpes writing and hence her poems being similar in all ways.

Road to Independence Notes Essay Example for Free

Road to Independence Notes EssayPeople are reconsidering the indemnity of colonialism. 1. later on WWII, heap questioned whether dictatorship was a good thought process. 2. All nations should be free from the power of different nations. 3. Keeping colonies had a high cost. It wasnt worth it. 4. Colonized deal pressed harder for exemption. Ex British-held India II. A Movement To contendfared Independence A. The Indians strive to freedom intensifies. 1. British had power over India for 2 centuries. 2. Britain drafted Indians into WWII in 1939 with turn out the con direct of the the colonys representatives. . Gandhi launched civil disobedience and umteen who followed were ar slumbered. 4. To gain favor of the Indians, Britain promised establishment changes afterwards WWII, but didnt offer freedom. B. Besides colonialism, India struggles with internal conflict. 1. They have religious disagreements. 350 million Hindus blow million Muslims 2. The Congress Party (aka Indian National Congress Indias national political party) was profit up mostly of Hindus, and a few Muslims. C. The Muslim League is executed. 1. The Muslim League (1906) is the organization against the mostly Hindu Congress Party, aimed to protect Muslim interest. . (The leader) Muhammad Ali Jinnah asked all Muslims to leave the Congress party. He would not simulate freedom from Britain if it meant staying under Hindu rule. III. Freedom Brings Turm vegetable oil A. The decision of who receives power is being make. 1. The British bemused much wealth after WWII, and was ready to turn over their power, since keeping up with colonies was costly. 2. The power automatic either be given to Hindus or Muslims. B. Muslims resisted Hindu domination. 1. Rioting skint out and in 1946, there were 20,000 casualties in a 4 day clash in Calcutta. C. Pakistan was created. 1.To maintain peace, Britain steady d beard to partition (division of Indian religions into separate nations idea branch bro ught up by Muslims) India. 2. North western and eastern part of India became Pakistan which was predominate by Muslims. D. Everything in India was being divided. 1. British granted India and Pakistan a month of liberty in July 16, 1947. 2. Princes had to decide which nation theyd join. 3. The civil service (courts, military, railways, police) was divided. 4. The differing religions had to decide where to go. E. One million people died during the move to their recent nation. 1.Muslims killed Sikhs moving to India. 2. Sikhs and Hindus killed Muslims going to Pakistan. 3. Gandhi went to the Indian capital (Delhi) to ask for mercy, but was killed by a hindu ultra in January 30, 1948. F. Hindus and Muslims drive for Kashmir. 1. Kashmir is at the Federal point of India next to Pakistan. 2. It had a Hindu ruler, but the absolute majority of people living there was Muslim. 3. Fighting continued until UN arranged cease-fire in 1949. 4. One-third went to Pakistan (Muslims) and the rest to India (Hindus). IV. Modern India A. India has get under ones skin the worlds largest democracy. 1.India gained independence in August 15, 1947. 2. Jawaharlal Nehru (the nonsymbiotic nations first apex parson) addressed Indias freedom. B. Nehru is the leader. 1. He served the first 17 years of Indias independence as leader. 2. He was a devoted fol turn away of Gandhi. 3. He emphasized democracy, unity, and economical modernization, and became very prevalent with all Indian free radicals. C. Nehru rideed India forward. 1. He led juvenilely independent nations into making adherences with natural(prenominal) non aligned nations. 2. He re steerd the states by language and pushed for industrialization and hearty reform. 3.He raised the status of those in lower class (lower castes and women). D. A new leader came. 1. Nehru died in 1964. 2. His daughter, Indira Gandhi, became prime minister in 1966, left office, and was re elected in 1980. E. Challenges set on Indira caused more violent acts and death. 1. Sikh extremists requisiteed an independent state. 2. The deluxe Temple was the Sikhs religious center. 3. The Sikhs beleaguered symbols of Indian authority, so Indians soldiery overran the Golden Temple, killing calciferol Sikhs and terminateing sacred property. 4. Indira was gunned down by Sikh dates and another murder spree occurred, killing thousands of Sikhs. . Indiras son, Rajiv, became prime minister, but lost power because of corruption. He was then killed. F. Atal Bihari Vajpayee confront problems. 1. The leader of the nationalist party of India, Vajpayee, faced challenges of overpopulation and skirmish among religions. 2. The struggle surrounded by India and Pakistan was bad, now that they became thermonuclear powers. India exploded a nuclear device in 1974. For 24 years, India improved nuclear capability in private. In 1998, 5 nuclear tests were conducted. Pakistanis also showed they had nuclear capabilities.The nuclear weapons of both rival groups became an international concern, especially because of Hindus and Muslims continuous struggle over Kashmir. V. Pakistan Copes with Freedom A. Pakistan was already very turbulent and had differences amongst West Pakistan and East Pakistan. B. The two regions of Pakistan struggled with each other. 1. A tidal expand hit East Pakistan and killed 266,000 residents in 1970, calling for international aid that West Pakistan was not eager in giving. 2. East Pakistan protested and called to end all ties with West Pakistan. C. Pakistan undergoes its own partition. 1.On March 26, 1971, East Pakistan became Bangladesh. 2. Civil war stony-broke out. Indians sided with Bangladesh and Pakistan surrendered. 3. 1 million people died. 4. One-seventh of area and one-half of the population in Pakistan was lost. D. Pakistan is inst adequate to(p). 1. After the death of the first governor general of India, the nation had no strong leader and went by many military coups. First in 195 8 by Ali Bhutto Second in 1977 by general Zia Third Benazir Bhutto, Alis daughter, became prime minister. Fourth, Sharif in 1997. VI. Bangladesh and Sri Lanka Struggle A. Bangladesh faces many problems. 1.War brought economic and communication issues in Bangladesh. 2. Sheik Mujibur Rahman became the first prime minister of Bangladesh. Interested more in power than making reparations 3. Bangladesh tries to become democratic and mockery and corruption was common. Recently, it has been more stable and Begum Khaleda Zia became prime minister in 2001. 4. Natural disasters were troublesome. Bangladesh (low-lying) is subject to cyclones, tidal waves, immense storms which floods works, ruins harvest-feasts, takes lives, and homes. 5. Rapid growth in population put stress on the economy. B. There is civil strife in Sri Lanka. . Sinhalese Buddhists and Tamil Hindus make up the two main groups in Sri Lanka. 2. Tamils valued to become a separate Tamil nation and violence occurred in order to do so. Rajiv Gandhi and the president on Sri Lanka made an agreement that called Indian troops to disarm Tamil rebels. A civil war mingled with Tamils and Sri Lankans still exists. New Nations in Africa Chapter 34 contribution 3 I. Setting the interpret A. Africa was also a nation victim to colonization. B. Like India, they were unwilling to exceed to colonization after WWII, so they also won their independence and went on to creating new African nations.II. Achieving Independence A. A movement is made for Black Heritage. 1. The communicative Africans and West Indians grew pride for traditional Africa. 2. The Negritude movement (movement to celebrate African refinement, heritage, and values) was formed. B. WWII changed the views of colonies and colonizers, which helped Africa gain independence from 1950s-1960s. 1. The African conjugate Europeans in WWII to defend freedom, and were unwilling to return to colonization. 2. The European colonizers developed morale and wondered whether it was a good idea to still hold colonies.In addition to morale, maintaining colonies was costly and wasnt viewed as something worth losing money for. C. Africa achieved independence in a unique way. 1. Unlike other colonized areas that pushed for independence, Africa was colonized indirectly and directly. Those who were command indirectly were able to enjoy limited self-rule and were govern by local officials. They achieved independence more easily. Those ruled directly were governed at all levels by foreigners and did not have any self rule. To get independence, they had to fight wars. D. Africa struggled even after they gained their independence. . They had to start from scratch creating a new gov. , and establishing postcolonial economy. 2. Internal conflicts made it hard create stable nations. When colonized by Europeans, Africa was separated by random and many tribes who shared the identical culture were divided and enclosed with rival groups, causing violence. III. gold coast Leads the Way A. The Gold Coast, a British colony, achieves all-encompassing independence. 1. The Gold Coast (South of the Sahara) achieved independence, so British giveed for Africans to be nominated for legislative council. 2. However, they wanted full freedom and created a group. . Kwame Nkrumah (leader of the nonviolent group) organized strikes and boycotts, and was also imprisoned many times, (starting in 1947) eventually being able to liberate the Gold Coast from the British government. B. Good intentions called for opposition against Nkrumah. 1. The Gold Coast became gold coast (from the Ghana Kingdom of Africa) after it received its independence in 1957. 2. Nkrumah, the first prime-minister and president for life, pushed for industrialization by twist new passageways, schools, and health facilities. 3. His programs were too costly, and people began to oppose him. C.Ghana still continues to struggle. 1. Nkrumah was criticized for neglecting economic issues. 2 . When in china (1966) he was replaced by the police and army in Ghana. 3. The power shifts between civilian and military rule, and Ghana struggles economically. 4. 2000 marks the first open election in Ghana. IV. Fighting for Freedom A. The British is forced to allow Kenyan self-government. 1. The British were unwilling to give Kenyans independence because theyve taken over prized farmland in the northern highlands of Kenya. 2. The Kenyans had 2 developments which forced British to surrender.Jomo Kenyattas (Kenyan nationalist) strong leadership. The Mau Mau, a secret society of mostly native Australian Kenyan farmers forced out of the highlands by British people. B. The Mau Mau fight for independence. 1. Guerilla tactics were used to push out the British from the highlands. 2. Kenyatta had no connection to the Mau Mau but did not stop them from fighting for their freedom. 3. Kenyatta was imprisoned for nearly a decade. 4. Kenya was granted independence in 1963, however, 10,00 Af ricans and 100 settlers died. C. After gaining independence, Kenya still faced some struggles from pathetic leadership. 1.Kenyatta became the president and worked to reunite various groups in his nation, but he died in 1978. 2. He was succeeded by a weak leader, Daniel arap Moi. 3. Under Mois leadership was opposition to his one-sided rule, corruption, and conflicts between ethnicities killing hundreds and making thousands homeless. 4. He left office in 2002, and a new party gained power through elections. D. Algeria wins independence through battle. 1. Algeria had a population of 1 million french and 9 million Arabs and Berber Muslims. 2. French did not want to share political power with the natives even after WWII. . The FLN (Algerian National Liberation strawman) would fight for freedom, and upon hearing this, the French sent half a million troops to fight the FLN. 4. The FLN won and gained independence in July 1962. E. uncertainty within Algeria calls for civil war. 1. The F LN leader, Ahmed Ben Bella, becomes president and attempts to make Algeria follow socialism, but is revolutionisen. 2. From 1965-1988, Algeria tried to modernize, but failed. Religious fundamentalists wanted to make Algeria an Islamic state because they were dissatisfied with the current government and high unemployment rates. 3.The Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) won elections in 1990 and 1991, but the government and army refused the declarations. 4. Civil war broke out between Islamic militants and the government, and goes on and off until this day. V. Civil War in Congo and Angola A. The people of Congo were spur-of-the-moment for independence, and it led to turmoil. 1. Belgians colonized and plundered Congo taking all its riches and resources such as no-account and copper. 2. They gave no social services to the natives of Congo, and did not prepare them for independence. 3. They granted Congo (aka Zaire from 1971-1997) independence in 1960, which cause upheaval, and civil war .B. Congo goes through two leaders. 1. Years of civil war sprung up, and Mobutu Sese Seko (aka Colonel Joseph Mobutu) seized power in 1965. He renamed Congo to Zaire and ruled it for 32 years. He held control over Zaire with force, one-party rule, and bribing supporters with gifts. He withstood rebellions. 2. In 1997, he was overthrown by Laurent Kabila (rebel leader). Zaire was renamed The Democratic Republic of Congo. C. Kabila wasnt the leader people hoped for, and a new leader rises. 1. He became president and promised a democracy, but never delivered it. 2. Civil war broke out again, and rebel groups wanted to overthrow Kabila. . He was assassinated by a bodyguard in 2001. 4. Joseph Kabila, his son, took power and pushed for peace. 5. Rebels stopped rebelling in 2002 in hope that the peace may come. D. Angola (South West of Congo) fought for independence. 1. Angola was ruled by the Portuguese who were unwilling to let go of their colony. 2. An independence movement broke out an d Portugal sent 50,000 troops to end it, which wiped out half of Portugals budget. 3. The cost of war and the wars opposition in Portugal called for them to withdraw from Angola in 1975. E. Civil war broke out in Angola. 1.Angola became a new nation, and the MPLA (Communist leaning Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) declared itself as the government. 2. Rebel groups fought against the government for power. 3. 50,000 Cuban troops and Soviet Union supported the MPLA. 4. South Africa and the U. S. supported the UNITA (the major opposition to the MPLA National Union for the agree Independence of Angola) 5. The MPLA and UNITA abandoned many cease-fire agreements, but in 2002, a peace accord was agree to and the civil war ended. Conflicts in the Middle East Chapter 34 Section 4 I. Setting the Stage A.By the end of WWII, Judaic finally gained its own state, which proved to have bad consequences. 1. The Jewish gained a state that was located by the Mediterranean Sea. 2. It con sisted of mostly Arabs who rejected the creation of a Jewish state. 3. Palestinians claimed Jewish states to be theirs, therefore opposing Jewish states. 4. Wars were fought between Jews and Arabs, and Jews and Palestinians. II. Israel Becomes a State A. Palestinians, Jews, and Arabs all claim the same lands (Israel, West Bank, and the Gaza Strip in modern day Palestine). 1. Jews reason 3,000 before, Jewish Kings ruled the lands from Jerusalem. . Palestinians reason land was theirs since Jewish exile on A. D. 135. 3. Arabs reason their conquest of the lands in the 7th century (600s). B. The Jews wanted to return to Palestine and gain a Jewish state centuries after their exile. 1. The Jewish were unable to gain their own state after their exile, and dispersed around the world (Diaspora). 2. Zionists (people who favored a Jewish state in Palestine) started returning to their homeland during the 19th and 20th centuries (1800s-1900s). C. A British idea of creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine cause sparks between the Jews and Palestinians. 1.The British directed Palestine (League of Nations commands) as a result of the loss of the Turkish Ottoman Empire in WWI. 2. Many Jews were in Palestine, and pressed for their own nation. 3. Palestinians strange the idea, so when Secretary Sir Arthur Balfour of Britain proposed creating a Jewish state while keeping the rights of non-Jewish communities (Balfour Declaration) and the plan failed, tensions rose between Palestinians and Jews. D. The U. S. and many European nations felt sympathy towards the Jews, who were targeted in the Holocaust, so they devised a plan that would give Jews what they desired. 1.The UN General Assembly voted for partition in Palestine, one part being a Palestinian state, the other being a Jewish state, and Jerusalem being an international city owned by no one. 2. The Jews made up 34% of the population but gained 55% of the land. E. The partition was set, although Muslims and Palestines rejected it. 1. The UN has no right to make such a proposal without first consulting the majority who will be affected by it. - Muslims and Palestinians. 2. David Ben Gurion (leader of Jews in Palestine) inform that the independent nation of Israel was formed on May 14, 1948. III. Israel and Arab States in Conflict A.War broke out between Israeli and Arab states. 1. The first one (won by Israel) was a day before Israel became a nation, where Islamic states (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi, Arabia, and Syria invaded Israel. B. The partition wasnt fully effective because of fighting. 1. Israel seized half of Palestine in 1948-1949. 2. 600,000 Palestinians left to near UN sponsored refugee camps. 3. Arabs also seized Palestinian lands. C. War broke out in 1956 during the Suez Crisis. 1. Egypt seized the Suez Canal. 2. Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egyptian president) sent troops to seized the canal controlled by British because he was angry that the U.S. and British stopped financially supporting E gypts Aswan Dam. 3. Britain formed an alliance with France and israel to regain the Suez canal. 4. Israel defeated the Egyptians using air support of their European allies. 5. The war ended when the U. S. and Soviets forced Israel and Europeans out of Egypt, ultimately giving Egypt the Suez Canal by the end of the Suez Crisis. D. Another war broke out in 1967, called the Six-Day War. 1. Nasser and Arab allies, equipped with Soviet tanks and aircraft were ready to confront Israel and close off Israels outlet to the Red Sea, the disjuncture of Aqaba. 2.Israelis knew Arabs would attack, so the struck airfields in Egypt, Iran, Jordan, and Syria, and ground forces defeated Arab states in this Six-Day War. 4. Israelis gained the lands around them (Jerusalem, Sinai Peninsula, The Golden Heights, and the West Bank). 5. They served as buffers for future attacks. 6. Palestinians living in Jerusalem chose Jordanian citizenship, and others not living in Jerusalem went other Jewish control. E. A fourth War broke out in October 1973, called the Yom Kippur War. 1. Anwar Sadat,(Egyptian president who succeeded Nasser) planned an Arab attack on Israel during Yom Kippur. . Sadat was able to reconquer land lost in the Six-Day War. 3. Golda Meir (prime minister of Israel during the Yom Kippur War) counterattacked and regained most the land. 4. After weeks of fighting, a truce was declared. F. Palestinians pushed for recognition and its own state. 1. The UN had given Palestinians its own state during the partition, but the land given was seized by Israelis during their vast amount of wars. 2. The PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) was organized by Palestinian officials in 1964, and initially consisted mostly of social workers, like teachers, lawyers. 3.Guerilla fighters then dominated the PLO and insisted that to get what they want, it needs to be done by message of struggle. 4. Yasir Arafat became PLOs chairman in 1969 and carried out attacks on Israel, which was supported by Arabs, since they were able to operate on Arab land. IV. Efforts at peace A. An attempt of peace was made by Anwar Sadat. 1. In 1977, he declared that Israeli parliament (Knesset) and Arabs make peace, with the terms that Israel returns the land they took in the Six-Day War and recognize Palestinian rights. B. An agreement is reached between the Israel and Arab country. 1.President Carter invited Anwar and the Israeli prime minister, Menachem Begin, to a presidential retreat, Camp David, Maryland, 2. There, Begin and Sadat negotiated, and finally in 1979, Carter announced that Egypt recognized the Israeli state and Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula, in an agreement called the Camp David Accords. C. Peace was maintained even after Anwars assassination. 1. Muslim extremists were enraged at his plan for peace, and killed him. 2. Hosni Mubarak maintained the peace. D. Tensions increased between Israelis and Palestinians. 1. The military of PLO escalate its armed struggle with Isra el during the 1970s-1980s. . Israel responded by bombing bases of Palestinian towns and invading neighboring countries such as Lebanon, to destroy Palestinian strongholds. 3. Israel became involved in the Lebanon civil war and was forced to withdraw. 4. Palestinians showed their frustration with civil disobedience (using boycotts, attacks on Israeli soldiers, demonstrations, and rock throwing) called intifada (uprising) in 1987. 5.This put global pressure on Israel, which forced them to organize peace talks with Israeli and Palestinian delegates on October 1991. E. The peace talks made little progress, so a new document was made. . Secret talks in Oslo, Norway produced an agreement called the Oslo Peace Accords (Declaration of Principles), which stated that Palestinians have self-rule in the Gaza Strip and West Bank, beginning with the town of Jericho. 2. The agreement was signed on September 13, 1993 by the Israeli prime minister, Yitzhak Rabin, and Arafat. F. The agreement was ha rd to work out. 1. A Jewish extremist, who inappropriate concessions to Palestinians, assassinated Rabin in 1995. 2. He was succeeded by Benjamin Netanyahu, who also opposed the Oslo Accords, but was willing to keep to the agreement. . He met with Arafat in 1997 to discuss Israeli partial withdrawal from the West Bank. V. Peace Slips outside A. The peace agreement is stalled. 1. Prime Minister Ehud Barak (1999) supported the peace plan more than Netanyahu. 2. (2000) Bill Clinton hosted a summit meeting between Ehud Barak and Arafat in Camp David, but they couldnt reach a compromise. B. A second intifada was launched. 1. An Israeli political leader, Ariel Sharon, visited the Dome of the Rock, a reverend place for Muslims. 2. Muslims were outraged and broke out a new intifada. 3.The second intifada was much like the first one, but instead, include suicide bombers which called for more bloodshed. 4. The Israelis responded by bombing likely Palestinian refugee camps, where extremist c ould be hiding. They also bombed Arafats headquarters. C. Peace seems far from being reached. 1. Ariel Sharon became the prime minister of Israel in 2001, and refused to negotiate with the Palestinians if the attacks of suicide bomber continued. 2. Israeli officials declared to no longer meet with Arafat, who had strained relations with many Israeli leaders. D.A ancestor for peace is being worked on. 1. Arafat agreed to lessen his involvement in peace talks, and the first prime minister of the PLO, Mahmoud Abbas, was appointed in 2003. 2. George W. Bush brought together Sharon and Abbas to work on a peace plan called the road map. E. Sharon and Abbas are willing to find a solution. 1. Sharon declared that he looks for the day when Palestinians can govern themselves in their own state. 2. Abbas declares that the goal was for Israel and Palestine to live side-by-side in peace and security. Central Asian Struggles Chapter 34 Section 5 I. Setting the Stage A.The region of Central Asia changes throughout history because it has been invaded by many effective groups (Mongols, Byzantines, Ottomans, and the rulers of the Soviet Union. B. The people of this region still tried to keep its culture, and longed to create their own nations. 1. It was made possible with the fall of the Soviets Union. C. They were faced with challenges in making strong independent nations. II. Freedom Brings New Challenges A. Two geographic areas are made. 1. The Soviet Union fell in 1991. 2. Their republics in the south became 15 independent nations which were die into two geographic areas. 3.Transcaucasian Republics (Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) lies between the Black and Caspian seas, on the Caucasus Mountains. 4. Central Asian Republics (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan) lies east of the Caspian sea and extends to the Tian Shan and Pamir mountains. B. These independent nations deeply depended on the Soviet Union for economic help, so they could not be independent. C. The Soviets made economic practices which weakened these nations economy. 1. Eg The Soviets made Central Asian Republics available farms grow cotton, and having only a single crop made the economy unbalanced.D. Azerbaijan can receive income through its richness in oil, because of the Caspian Sea. Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are still tapping into their oil reserves. E. Ethnic and religious differences causes conflict. F. With the fall of the Soviet Union, who prevented the nations from fighting because of the ironfist rule, the ethnic groups began to battle. 1. Eg Azerbaijan (Muslim country), which surrounded Nagorno-Karabakh (Armenian Christians), battled the Armenians during 1991-1994 when the Armenians pushed to be a new independent nation. III. Afghanistan and the World A.Afghanistan (mostly Muslim nation), which is the least developed country (it was inhabited by farmers or herders), impress the world with war against the Soviet Union and U. S. B. Afghanista n had many struggles already. 1. Russia wanted Afghanistan because it was near the Indian Ocean 2. British wanted to protect the northern border of its Indian Empire with Afghanistans land, eventually fighting 3 wars prior to 1919. C. Afghanistan tries to modernize. 1. In 1919, Afghanistan declared itself a new independent nation, setting up a monarchy. 2. In 1964, reforms and a switch to a democratic government was proposed. . Officials could not agree on reforms, and people people were not interested in the Afghanistan government, so the proposals did not carry out. D. fabianism starts to influence Afghanistan. 1. Afghanistan became stable lavish to have ties with the U. S. and Soviet Union. 2. They were nonaligned during the Cold War and received support from both sides. 3. They were closely situated with the Soviets. 4. Military leaders overthrew the government in 1973 and rival groups who had close ties with Soviet communists seized power in 1978. 5. Communism conflicted wit h Islamic teachings.E. The Afghanis stayed loyal to their religion and did not fall to communism. 1. Those who believed that communism conflicted with Islamic teachings formed a group called Mujahideen, who freely fought and rebelled against the government supported by the Soviets. 2. The Soviets heard about this and tried to conquer Afghanistan in 1979-1980 as a new nation in its communist empire. 3. Afghanistan was supported by the U. S. and used guerilla warfare and their knowledge of the terrain to their advantage. 4. In a bloody 10 year war, the Soviets withdrew, and Afghanistan won.F. With the Soviets gone, rebels groups fought for power, and the victor was the Taliban. 1. They were a conservative Islamic group who were controlled 90% of the country by 1998. 2. They turned out to be Islamic Extremists who made unyielding rules that controlled every aspect of life (woman could not have jobs or go to school, you couldnt listen to melody or watch TV) and punished those who did not listen (severe beating, amputation, and execution). G. The Taliban played a major role in terrorism. 1. They allowed terrorists to train in Afghanistan. 2.They provided refuge to the al-Qaeda leader, Osama lay in Laden. 3. After September 11, the Taliban was asked to give up Osama Bin Laden, but they refused. 4. The U. S. bombed Taliban air defense, airfields, and command centers. 5. The Northern Alliance (anti-Taliban force) was supported by the U. S. and finally was able to overthrow the Taliban. H. Hamid Karzai, the selected leader after the overthrow of the Taliban, would find it hard to stabilize a nation who has been under decades of warfare, and he would also find it difficult to unite a nation with 12 different ethnic groups.